Multicultural Education And Learning A Mutual Respect

Religion is a topic of discussion that has been a very controversial issue since the beginning of time and will continue to be so until the end of time. Understanding where religious belief comes from for a given religion and how close it may be to your own can be helpful in understanding your fellow man. Multicultural education and learning a mutual respect for one another can bring peace to situations where anger, violence, and unnecessary hatred came simply because of being uneducated in another’s beliefs. Religion is a communal system for which people beliefs focus on a system of thought, unseen being, person, or object, that is considered to be supernatural, sacred, divine, or of the highest truth. Religions teach morals, values and all local communities become defined by the religious beliefs that one embraces. I aim to understand Catholicism as a religion by interviewing someone of its faith and a priest. In an attempt to expand my own understanding of other religions , and even my own, I have chosen to visit a Roman Catholic Church. The Catholic religion consists of different groups including Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Anglican. The church is the largest and possibly the oldest organized religion in the world. Catholic worshipers make up over half of all Christians. The bishop of Rome has stated the Catholic Church has origins dating back to Jesus Christ and his 12 disciples. The origins of the Roman Catholic Church originate straightShow MoreRelatedCultural Competency Improves the Quality of Health Care627 Words   |  3 Pagesenvironment where equality was all around me. Of course these teachers were trained well to supervise such a diverse classroom since cultural differences make and enormous difference in the education of a student. Dr. Christine Bennett said that there are several cultural factors that might influence learning: childhood socialization, sociocultural tightness, ecological adaptation, biological effects, and language (Irvine, 1995). Childhood socialization ref ers more to the child rearing practicesRead MoreMulticultural Approach Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesMulticultural Approach Doris McMillan ECE 405: Children Families in a Diverse Society August 29, 2010 Definitions of multicultural education vary. Some place emphasizes on the cultural characteristics of diverse groups, some emphasize social problems such as those associated with oppression, some place emphasize on political power, while others on the reallocation of economic resources. Some restrict their focus to people of color, while others include all major groups that are differentRead More Thinking and Enquiry Skills in Global Education Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagesglobal citizenship? This essay will look at the importance of becoming a global citizenship, the role we, as educators play in this development and how the curriculum frameworks and associated learning emphases for global education assist in the development of a global citizen. What is global education? â€Å"Global citizenship would seem a recent concept, but its origin can be traced back to at least 4th century Greece when Diogenes declared himself a cosmopolitan – a citizen of the world† (HowerRead MoreHow Adolescence Should Be Given Opportunities For Communication Among Individuals From Different Cultures1399 Words   |  6 Pagesbonds with individuals from another culture so that they may form intercultural friendships in a nation that continues to grow increasingly diverse. This study will explore the concept of an intercultural friendship, the importance of exposure to multicultural populations especially in adolescence, in relation to the positive relationship between attitude similarity and interpersonal attraction, and how to overcome barriers preventing communication. In order to evaluate the idea of turning enemies ofRead MoreEarly Childhood Educators Promote Diversity, And As A Result Improve Academic Outcomes1413 Words   |  6 Pagesmore multicultural, the need for educators to provide support to different family structures increases. This review will examine strategies utilized by early childhood educators to promote diversity, and as a result improve academic outcomes. Most data related to diversity in the classroom is derived from research in pre-school and Head Start programs. Although there are other avenues for early childhood education, including home-based and center-based childcare, this research will focus on pre-KRead MoreThe Importance Of An Inclusive Learning Environment For My Students1304 Words   |  6 PagesMargetts, 2013, p. 29). Together with some other factors including gender, socioeconomic status (SES) and experience such as education, people form their own personal identity (Hewitt, 1989, cited in Hitlin, 2003, p. 118) . In this paper, I would demonstrate how my personalities are shaped by the above factors in a way that enables me to understand the importance of an inclusive learning environment for my students, particularly Indigenous students in Australia, and affects my way of teaching them as wellRead MoreThe Purpose Of Public School Education1678 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of public school education is to provide students with the tools and skills to continue to higher education, and to help them pursue their goals and dreams in life. It is meant to provide inspiring, positive and culturally affirming experiences that make students excited to learn and succeed. While many students are prepared properly in public schools, this is not true for all. For several students, education is not stimulating, and is dull and boring, or perhaps provides negative andRead MoreRacial Awareness And Racism And Stereotypes1529 Words   |  7 Pagesmind about different races, as they should act as model s to the students. I believe that if teachers educate and enlighten their students about race and cultures, it would lower the chances of racism. Racial awareness is key in the early years of education as it allows students to develop more knowledge, therefore preventing racism and stereotypes. Instructors can model racial awareness to their students by incorporating racial diversity in their courses and moderating productive class discussionsRead MorePreschool Environment Is The First Exposure That Many Children Make When They Transition From Home2060 Words   |  9 Pageshome language and culture. It also enriches the lives of all children by bringing them together in an environment that teaches them to accept, respect, and appreciate individual differences in an increasingly diverse world. In order to better service the families and children in a diverse community, the program promotes multicultural in a play based learning environment. The preschool is located in the inner city. The largest racial group in the community is White (47% of the city’s population), HispanicRead MoreMulticulturalism in the Classroom: The Pros and Cons2266 Words   |  9 Pagesmulticulturalism is the emphasis and joining a fundamental multicultural, comprehensive viewpoint into the classroom environment. Given that there is no worldwide structure of a multiculturalism development that is faultless for attaining all objectives for all students (Chamberlin, 2005, p. 26), discovering a method to shape a multicultural basis for sequences across the disciplines may be a better goal for faculty in higher education organizations. Multiculturalism is an idea that cannot be overlooked

Interference with Property - 1490 Words

Interference with Property What is Interference with Property: Intentional interference with property is the section under intentional tort law that protects a citizen from having their land trespassed on, chattels stolen or obtained by people that should not have their items.It is also the act that protects your rights as a Canadian citizen to privacy and protection of property. Types of Interference with Property: There are four main sections under which intentional interference with property can be broken into; Trespass to Land, Nuisance, Trespass, to Chattels, and Conversion, each put in place to preserve the rights each citizen has when it comes to privacy. Trespass to Land - deals with the most well known type of†¦show more content†¦-Half way through the payment schedule, you sell the big screen because it s the only thing you have that can get you a chunk of money -What kind of interference with property is here? (Trespass to Land, Nuisance, Chattels, Conversion) Case Study Rogers v. Board of Road Com’rs for Kent County BRIEF SUMMARY ON THE CASE: The Board of Road Commissioners for Kent County (Board) (defendant) had a license agreement to place a snow fence on land owned by Rogers’(plaintiff) husband. The Board set up the snow fence pursuant to the license agreement. Under the license agreement, the fence, including the anchor posts, would be removed by the Board at the end of the winter season. At the end of one winter season the Board removed the snow fence but did not remove a steel anchor post that protruded six to eight inches above the ground. The grass in the area where the post was located grew to a height that completely hid the post from one’s view. On one particular day in July, while Rogers’ husband was mowing an area where the snow fence had been located, the mowing bar on her husband’s tractor struck the steel post that was hidden from view. As a result of the impact, Rogers’ husband was thrown from the seat of the tractor. Rogers’ husband died from the accident. Rogers sued the Board forShow MoreRelatedUse Of The Neighbouring Sports Turf Voiced By Jim, Tom And Marie Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesnuisance, remedies are seeking damages to compensate for physical damages (Marie only) and personal discomfort, and seeking a prohibitory injunction to reduce noise and light to a reasonable level. 1. Trespass to land is an â€Å"unjustified, direct interference† with land possessed by another, which is actionable without proof of actual damage . ‘Land’ refers the surface of the earth, the subsoil and airspace as far as is necessary for ordinary use , and anything fixed to the surface . An intentionalRead MoreWithout light, life on Earth would not exist. It is the most essential component in all of the600 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscussing the topic of Thomas Youngs Double-Slit Experiment. 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It cannot supply actual freedom to everyone, but it holds the potential glimmer of freedom. Read MoreLegal Memo for Private Nuisance Claim Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesVermont Common Law does Mr. John Ellis’ recently created chicken coop in a residential neighborhood constitutes a private nuisance when Mr. Ellis’ rooster and the hens generate odors and noises that could be considered unreasonable and substantial interferences with Ms. Alicia Carmody’s enjoyment of her yard? BRIEF ANSWER Probably yes. Mr. John Ellis lives in a residential neighborhood where the houses are big and are on small lots very close to each other. From the facts presented against Mr. EllisRead MoreNp Case Study961 Words   |  4 Pagesparity-correlated. Next, we considered whether this parity-correlated information can be manifested in transport properties. In previous studies, researchers mainly focused on the AR or CAR properties of MQPs. Those results are difficult to connect to parity. 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When an electron transitions from a higher orbital, where it is in its excited state, back down to aRead MoreComputational Model of Neural Networks on Layer IV or Primary Visual Cortex755 Words   |  3 PagesMap Results section Orientation selectivity is one of the properties of neuron in primary visual cortex that a neuron response maximally when particular orientation of stimulus is given. The orientation map is a map showing the orientation preferences of cortical neurons in primary visual cortex. This research provides evidences for support of the theory posit that the orientation selectivity map is a product of a Moirà © interference pattern that originates in retinal ganglion cells. This paperRead MoreTortious Liability955 Words   |  4 Pagescertain rights such as property rights or rights of privacy. The concept encompasses only those civil wrongs independent of contracts.† The eminent American legal mind, Professor Prosser states, â€Å"broadly speaking, a tort is a civil wrong, other than a breach of contract, for which the court will provide a remedy in the form of an action for damages.† Examples of tort include: a) assault and battery b) false imprisonment c) trespass d) negligence e) interference with contract Read MoreIdentifying Human Hair and Animal Fair by Laser Diffraction1213 Words   |  5 Pageswidth and the shape and texture of its surface, however electron microscopes are expensive and time consuming to operate (Sessions et al., 2009). Lasers are much cheaper and can be used to easily measure the width of narrow objects by measuring the interference pattern created when laser light is diffracted around the object. As a result, laser diffraction may be a more preferable method for identifying hairs based on their width. This experiment hopes to show that laser diffraction is an accurate enough

Power Work and Employment of 4 Pines †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Power Work and Employment of 4 Pines. Answer: Introduction 4 Pines, one of the most successful microbreweries in Australia will be taken as the case organization whose sustainability initiatives will be evaluated. Organizational sustainability indicates an organizations core capability and its initiatives towards expansion through optimal use of its resources (Carayannis, Sindakis and Walter 2015). This report will present the summative component comprising of the complexities of real-life situation faced by4 Pines organization. The entire discussion will be parted in four themes, which are sustainability initiatives identification, sustainability initiatives authenticity, initiative contribution towards social and human outcome enhancement and comparison of initiatives taken by 4 Pines with other organization. Identification of sustainability initiatives their authenticity Sustainability approach refers to the organizational approach, which is intended to maximize shareholders value through embracing opportunities and mitigating the risks towards social, economical and environmental development. According to 4 Pines Beer (2017), 4 Pines Brewing Company has enough capability towards earning adequate profit through increased sales volume. Therefore, the organization is quite capable of providing adequate return on investment to the shareholders. While considering the human resources, the organization has created positive working environment for the employees, which encourage the employees towards enhancing their productivity. Moreover, Aggerholm and Trapp (2014) opined that 4 Pines always provides adequate compensation package and rewards to the employees. Such motivating factors motivate the employees in providing high quality efforts towards achieving organizational success. Apart from that, Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen (2016) stated that 4 Pin es allows the employees towards participating in the charity programs for community development. In this way, it enhances employee value and develops the community around them. According to Herold et al. (2016), 4 Pines allows opportunity to every employee towards getting up to 1 x $500 donation matched by 4 Pines. The employees donate such matched donation to their chosen charity. The employees are allowed volunteering time for being involved in the charity programs and community development. Moreover, the employees are allowed with 1% added annual leaves towards volunteering the selected charity events. On the other hand, Kasem et al. (2015) opined that 4 Pines is also intended towards saving the pines in the country for environmental protection. Furthermore, the organization is intended towards reducing the waste by 95% through their venues. Apart from that, the organization has done their best towards optimum usage of water in preparing brew. 4 Pines uses 4.66L water/per towards saving water and protect valuable natural resources. However, Fakoya (2015) argued that 4 Pines does not have any initiatives towards promoting greenery in the community. Furthe rmore, the employees of the organization face quite much work pressure in their workplace, which hamper their work-life-balance. Authenticity of sustainability initiatives The authenticity of the sustainability initiatives of 4 Pines can be assessed though the report and median B score provided by B-Corporation over the sustainability initiatives of the organization. As per 4 Pines sustainability report, the organization allows employee volunteering time towards working for charitable purpose (4 Pines Beer 2017). Moreover, the organization provides adequate value to the employees at their workplace. However, as per the report of B-Corporation, the 4 Pines Company has gotten quite low median B score in regards to employee benefits. As per this score, 4 Pines do not provide adequate sense of ownership to the employees at their workplace. The score also signifies that the work environment of the organization is not quite flexible to the employees (Bcorporation.com.au 2017). According to Klovien? and Speziale (2015), the new production system of 4 Pines can save up to 150T of CO2 emission in the environment. However, Bcorporation.com.au (2017) opined that 4 Pines does not have any genuine effort towards saving the energy of the environment. Furthermore, as per the report, the organization does not also have genuine effort towards reducing the emission produced from the production process of brew. Therefore, sustainability initiatives for energy saving and reducing carbon emission seems to be unauthentic in 4 Pines. Jamali, El Dirani and Harwood (2015) pointed out that 4 Pines Brewing Company offers adequate compensation package to the employees as per the standard of other similar types of organizations. However, Bcorporation.com.au (2017) argued that 4 Pines do not have enough career advancement scope for the employees. Furthermore, the median score of B-Corporation also indicates that 4 Pines do not have adequate training and development programs towards developing and upgrading the skills and knowledge level of the employees. Furthermore, Watne and Hakala (2013) opined that 4 Pines always maintains high level of transparency ethics with the suppliers and distributors for making long-term relationship with them. On the other hand, Bcorporation.com.au (2017) opined that 4 Pines is always not ethical and transparent with the suppliers and distributors. However, genuine efforts can be seen in the organization towards maintaining transparency with the shareholders and community. Contribution of initiatives to enhancing positive social human outcomes for the case organizations human resources Sustainability initiatives of 4 Pines Brewing Company have huge level of contribution towards enhancing the positive social and human outcomes for its human resources. According to 4 Pines Beer (2017), 4 Pines provides standard salary package to the employees, which is competitive to other organization in the same industry. Therefore, the employees feel it quite worthy to work in this organization for long term basis. In this way, the organization has become able to enhance its retention rate. Furthermore, Gmez?Bezares, Przychodzen and Przychodzen (2017) opined that 4 Pines also provides lucrative rewards to the employees based on their contribution in the organizational success. Such lucrative rewards motivate the employees towards enhancing their level of performance in near future. Adequate rewards encourage the employees to work harder in getting overall organizational success. In this way, sustainability initiatives for human resources have actually enhanced the human outcome of the organization. Herold et al. (2016) opined that 4 Pines Brewing Company allow employee volunteering time, where the employees are allowed with extra time off towards contributing their effort for charitable purpose. Moreover, the organization provides charity for youth development, mitigating crisis of any region occurred from natural disaster and others. Such volunteering time enhances employee value, as the employees can get 1% of annual leave and work for charitable purpose. Such practice also enhances the motivation and performance level of the employees. On the other hand, Fakoya (2015) stated that sustainability initiatives of 4 Pines have also enhanced its social outcome through increased social engagement. Moreover, charity events and community engagement activity has enhanced the social image of the organization in the community it serves. Moreover, the employee volunteering time has both enhanced the human outcome of the employees and social outcome through increased corporate image in th e society. Furthermore, such sustainability initiatives have actually enhanced the performance level of the employees with increased employee value. The employees of the organization are also involved insaving the pines for saving the environment and society from pollution. Such initiative has also enhanced the social image of the organization. How outcomes might differ for the similar initiatives in a different business context Considering a different business context, Bulla Dairy standouts to be one of the most successful private sector dairy product manufacturer in Australia. Fund donation as a form of charitable purposefrom employees of Bulla Dairy will not have any considerable effect on overall capital management and cash flow for the organization. This is because this organization is financially quite strong and has the ability to support NGOs through fund contribution (Bulla.com.au 2017). However, considering waste reduction technique as adopted by 4 Pines, it can be said that Bulla Dairy will not be able to deal with such strategy because the organization still operates using the old and traditional machinery for manufacturing products. Incorporating new batch production machine that might reduce and recycle waste will require huge fund and even more budget will be required for human resource training, which cannot be implemented. On the other hand, environmental protection if compared with 4 Pines, it can be said that the organization is trying to protect Pines and limit operational optimization so that same resources (Pines) can be utilized in future for extraction (Kasem et al. 2015). Similarly, if Bulla Dairy tries to protect the cows by not injecting synthesized drugs for more milk production, then animal welfare will be justified and eventually environment will be protected. Finally, while considering the water consumption factor, it can be said that Bulla Dairy can similarly reduce water consumption rate by repairing water trough leaks, recycling plate cooler, adjusting line feed soakers and plugging evaporative cooling system leaks. All such techniques will incur a minimal expenditure which can be easily beard by the company. Conclusion While summing up, it can be said that 4 Pines sustainability approaches have not only let to the cultivation of corporate image in the society but also increased the motivational level of employees. It has been found that management of human resources through flexibility and fringe benefits direct performance growth and simultaneously initiatives for community development helps in boosting corporate image. However, the real situation has indicated that the organization has failed to justify carbon emission and environmental sustainability but at the same time has able to reduce water consumption and waste generation. Finally, it has been found that Bulla Dairy organization will be able to use most of the sustainability approaches that of 4 Pines and there will be very less differences in terms of outcome. References 4 Pines Beer. 2017.4 Pines Beer. [online] Available at: https://4pinesbeer.com.au [Accessed 6 Oct. 2017]. Aggerholm, H.K. and Trapp, N.L., 2014. Three tiers of CSR: an instructive means of understanding and guiding contemporary company approaches to CSR?.Business Ethics: A European Review,23(3), pp.235-247. Bcorporation.com.au. 2017.4 Pines Brewing Company | B Corporation Australia. [online] Available at: https://bcorporation.com.au/community/4-pines-brewing-company [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Bulla.com.au. 2017.Cream, Ice Cream, Yoghurt, Cheese in Australia | Bulla Family Dairy. [online] Available at: https://www.bulla.com.au/#/ [Accessed 6 Oct. 2017]. Carayannis, E.G., Sindakis, S. and Walter, C., 2015. Business model innovation as lever of organizational sustainability.The Journal of Technology Transfer,40(1), pp.85-104. Fakoya, M., 2015. Improving Waste Reduction Decisions through Resources Efficiency and Cost Effectiveness in a Brewery.J Hum Ecol,50(2), pp.153-160. Gmez?Bezares, F., Przychodzen, W. and Przychodzen, J., 2017. Bridging the gap: How sustainable development can help companies create shareholder value and improve financial performance.Business Ethics: A European Review,26(1), pp.1-17. Herold, D.M., Manwa, F., Sen, S. and Wilde, S., 2016. It's the yeast we can do: Untapping Sustainability Trends in Australian Craft Breweries.Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability,12(2), p.82. Jamali, D.R., El Dirani, A.M. and Harwood, I.A., 2015. Exploring human resource management roles in corporate social responsibility: the CSR?HRM co?creation model.Business Ethics: A European Review,24(2), pp.125-143. Kasem, E., Trenz, O., H?eb?ek, J. and Faldk, O., 2015. Key Sustainability Performance Indicator Analysis for Czech Breweries.Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis,63(6), pp.1937-1944. Klovien?, L. and Speziale, M.T., 2015. Sustainability reporting as a challenge for performance measurement: literature review.Economics and Business,26, pp.44-53. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F. and Hansen, E.G., 2016. Business models for sustainability: A co-evolutionary analysis of sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and transformation.Organization Environment,29(3), pp.264-289. Watne, T.A. and Hakala, H., 2013. Inventor, founder or developer? An enquiry into the passion that drives craft breweries in Victoria, Australia.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,7(3), p.54.

Dictator Idi Amin free essay sample

In his genocide of Uganda he killed about 300,000 people. Children included; this horrible â€Å"Ruler† caused lots of cruel and unusual punishment to his people. What else has he done wrong? Idi Amin is a fascist, fascism is a governmental system led by a dictator in complete rule. More about this cruel genocide; the people of Uganda have been the victim of serious violations of human rights and peace right from the time of its independence. In  Uganda, genocide  has been largely destructive and has gone on for years and years without proper measures. The regime of Idi Amin caused much violence and bloodshed. His policy was one of military domination and violence. During his time, many of the tribal people were oppressed, discriminated against, and cruelly treated. He would usually kill the parents in front of the children or vice versa. He would also use the children in war to walk across minefields. We will write a custom essay sample on Dictator Idi Amin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In my opinion this was the worst genocide. I also think he is the cruelest dictator after Hitler. What led up to this genocide? When he first became president he had a lot of beef with Obote. After tensions flare between the two, almost immediately executions began. Then after the executions war began, and the death count in Uganda has grew rapidly. He used children in war, and the parents were killed if they cross the line in any type of way. Now determined to make Uganda a black mans country, Amin expels the countrys 40,000-80,000  Indians  and  Pakistanis  in the closing months of the year, reportedly after receiving a message from God during a dream. He made Britain responsible for all Asians in Uganda. He just created a huge massacre. What’s going to happen next? I personally think there will never be another person like Idi Amin. Who knows what’ll happen next?

Cam Therapeutic Modalities Paper Essay Example

Cam Therapeutic Modalities Paper Paper Over 38 percent of individuals use the complementary and alternative medicine or CAM technique (NCCAM, 2011). Individuals enjoy the fact that they can promote health with things other than a ton of medication. Conventional medications are practiced by professionals such as psychologists, registered nurses or physical therapists (NCCAM, 2011). Alternative, complementary, and integrative are associated with CAM and conventional medication therapy (NCCAM, 2011). Mind-body medicine, natural products, and manipulative and body-based practices are categories of CAMs in which most practices can fall under (NCCAM, 2011). Western medication uses practices of conventional medication therapy (NCCAM, 2011). Many western medication therapies did not consist of complementary and alternative medicine. CAM uses products that are not considered a part of the conventional medicine practice (NCCAM, 2011). Acupuncture is a part of the mind-body medication therapy that helps with instances such as pain (NCCAM, 2011). CAM practices aid individuals in promoting health and well-being all over the world. Alternative, Complementary and Integrative Medications. Alternative medicine is the use of complementary and alternative medicines in place of conventional medicine (NCCAM, 2011). Complementary medicine is the use of complementary and alternative medicine together with conventional medicine (NCCAM, 2011). Integrative medicine combines complementary and alternative medicine and conventional treatments for which there is known evidence for success and safety (NCCAM, 2011). Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine either works with conventional medicine, in place of conventional medicine or a combination of the two to promote health and wellbeing to individuals. We will write a custom essay sample on Cam Therapeutic Modalities Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cam Therapeutic Modalities Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cam Therapeutic Modalities Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Reference  NCCAM, (2011)National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA, E-mail: [emailprotected] Last accessed July 7, 2011.

Major General Robert E. Rodes - American Civil War

Major General Robert E. Rodes - American Civil War Robert E. Rodes - Early Life Career: Born March 29, 1829 in Lynchburg, VA, Robert Emmett Rodes was the son of David and Martha Rodes.   Raised in the area, he elected to attend the Virginia Military Institute with an eye towards a military career.   Graduating in 1848, ranked tenth in a class of twenty-four, Rodes was asked to remain at VMI as an assistant professor.   Over the next two years he taught a variety of subjects including physical science, chemistry, and tactics.   In 1850, Rodes departed the school after failing to secure a promotion to professor.   This instead went to his future commander, Thomas J. Jackson. Traveling south, Rodes found employment with a series of railroads in Alabama.   In September 1857, he married Virginia Hortense Woodruff of Tuscaloosa.   The couple would ultimately have two children.   Serving as the chief engineer of the Alabama Chattanooga Railroad, Rodes held the post until 1861.   With the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter and beginning of the Civil War that April, he offered his services to the state of Alabama.   Appointed colonel of the 5th Alabama Infantry, Rodes organized the regiment at Camp Jeff Davis in Montgomery that May. Robert E. Rodes - Early Campaigns: Ordered north, Rodes regiment served in Brigadier General Richard S. Ewells brigade at the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21.   Recognized by General P.G.T. Beauregard as an excellent officer, Rodes received a promotion to brigadier general on October 21.   Assigned to Major General Daniel H. Hills division, Rodes brigade joined General Joseph E. Johnstons army in early 1862 for the defense of Richmond.   Operating against Major General George B. McClellans Peninsula Campaign, Rodes first led his new command in combat at the Battle of Seven Pines on May 31.   Mounting a series of attacks, he sustained a wound in his arm and was forced from the field.    Ordered to Richmond to recover, Rodes rejoined his brigade early and led it at the Battle of Gaines Mill on June 27.   Not fully healed, he was force to leave his command a few days later prior to the fighting at Malvern Hill.   Out action until late that summer, Rodes returned to the Army of Northern Virginia as General Robert E. Lee commenced his invasion of Maryland. On September 14, his brigade mounted a stiff defense at Turners Gap during the Battle of South Mountain.   Three days later, Rodes men turned back Union assaults against the Sunken Road at the Battle of Antietam.   Wounded by shell fragments during the fighting, he remained at his post.   Later that fall, Rodes was present at the Battle of Fredericksburg, but his men were not engaged. Robert E. Rodes - Chancellorsville Gettysburg: In January 1863, Hill was transferred to North Carolina.   Though the corps commander, Jackson, desired to give command of the division to Edward Allegheny Johnson, this officer could not accept due to wounds sustained at McDowell.   As a result, the position fell to Rodes as the senior brigade commander in the division.   The first division commander in Lees army to not have attended West Point, Rodes repaid Jacksons confidence at the Battle of Chancellorsville in early May.   Spearheading Jacksons audacious flank attack against Major General Joseph Hookers Army of the Potomac, his division shattered Major General Oliver O. Howards XI Corps.   Severely wounded in the fighting, Jackson requested that Rodes be promoted to major general before dying on May 10. With the loss of Jackson, Lee reorganized the army and Rodes division moved into Ewells newly-formed Second Corps.   Advancing into Pennsylvania in June, Lee ordered his army to concentrate around Cashtown in early July.   Obeying this order, Rodes Division was moving south from Carlisle on July 1 when word was received of fighting at Gettysburg.   Arriving north of the town, he deployed his men on Oak Hill facing the right flank of Major General Abner Doubledays I Corps.   Through the day, he launched a series of disjointed attacks which suffered heavy losses before finally dislodging Brigadier General John C. Robinsons division and elements of XI Corps.   Pursuing the enemy south through the town, he halted his men before they could assault Cemetery Hill.   Though tasked with supporting attacks on Cemetery Hill the next day, Rodes and his men played little role in the rest of the battle. Robert E. Rodes - Overland Campaign: Active in the Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns that fall, Rodes continued to lead his division in 1864.   In May, he helped opposed Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grants Overland Campaign at the Battle of the Wilderness where the division attacked Major General Gouverneur K. Warren V Corps.   A few days later, Rodes division took part in the savage fighting at the Mule Shoe Salient at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House.   The remainder of May saw the division participate in the fighting at North Anna and Cold Harbor.   After reaching Petersburg in early June, Second Corps, now led by Lieutenant General Jubal A. Early, received orders to depart for the Shenandoah Valley. Robert E. Rodes - In the Shenandoah:         Tasked with defending the Shenandoah and drawing troops away from the siege lines at Petersburg, Early moved down (north) the valley sweeping aside Union forces.   Crossing the Potomac, he then sought to menace Washington, DC.   Marching east, he engaged Major General Lew Wallace at Monocacy on July 9.   In the fighting, Rodes men moved along the Baltimore Pike and demonstrated against Jug Bridge.   Overwhelming Wallaces command, Early then reached Washington and skirmished against Fort Stevens before withdrawing back into Virginia.   The efforts of Earlys troops had the desired effect as Grant dispatched sizable forces north with orders to eliminate the Confederate threat in the Valley. In September, Early found himself opposed by Major General Philip H. Sheridans Army of the Shenandoah.   Concentrating his forces at Winchester, he tasked Rodes with holding the Confederate center.   On September 19, Sheridan opened the Third Battle of Winchester and commenced a large-scale attack against the Confederate lines.   With Union troops driving back both of Earlys flanks, Rodes was cut down by an exploding shell as he worked to organize a counterattack.   Following the battle, his remains were taken back to Lynchburg where he was buried at the  Presbyterian Cemetery.         Ã‚   Selected Sources VMIs Civil War Generals: Robert E. RodesGettysburg Generals: Robert E. RodesNPS: Robert E. Rodes

Reaction paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Reaction paper - Assignment Example However, through these articles, we see that the Jews, indeed, are very cunning and very persistent when it comes to getting what they want. This is because the whole Jewish-German affair stemmed from the fact that the Jews just wanted to go to Palestine. Because of this want, the powerful Jews made pacts with countries like Britain and the US to quash Germany. Germany has been taking care of the Jews who sought refuge from the Communists but the Jews just threw it all away and decided to play with fire by making themselves allies of Germany’s enemies. This basically made them traitors to the country that took care of them and made them rich. They say that the first bullet of the World War II was fired when the Jews boycotted German products. This halted the German economy and naturally debilitated Germany. This prompted Germany to mark the Jewish stores and houses with swastikas, and this has been the common icon of discrimination in pop culture then talking about the start of the World War II. What the rest of the world do not know is that this marking of the houses was just a retaliation because, naturally as a German, you also would not buy from the Jews because they were deliberately crippling the economy. It was an act of self-defense. The articles also shed some light about the Jews that were in constant communication with the German officials. The Zionists were lobbying themselves to be transferred to Palestine. As said earlier, they contacted the British too. They were very cunning negotiators. This sort of explains why they are very powerful even if they are small in number. They can actually manipulate people around them with their power. The articles do not exactly pain a good picture of the Jews because they appear scheming and unfair. These articles put Germany in a good light because it explains the actions that

Finance International Investments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance International Investments - Assignment Example The country is expected to capture 1% of the global trade in the near future. The level of exports has grown to nearly 24% as compared to the last four years (Guenthner). India is expected to be among the largest economies by 2035 (Guenthner). This is the right time to invest in India based on the level of economic growth and future prospects. India is viewed as an appropriate market for investors who have long term objectives. Risks of investing in India Investing in India is considered as a huge risk by a number of investors claiming that the chances of success are equal to those of failure (Canada.com). However, these risks are known to exist in any given business venture in a country. This concerns the acceptability of the new product in the market (Trade Chakra). The Indian population is at 1.1 billion however only 40 million people frequently use the internet (Guenthner). Funds should be invested in the online sector as it is among the most promising. In the past, the country h as experienced a couple of terrorist attacks and this has had negative effect on investor confidence. However, this concern has a short-term impact and it should not prevent investors from investing their funds in India. Nevertheless, it is a country with high levels of poverty and strict traditions and it may be hard to introduce new products in the market. Its economy has a long way to go before it fully develops and this poses a risk and challenge of growth to any company. Most of the people are employed in the agricultural sector and 30% of the population lives below the poverty line (Guenthner). The country has a poor infrastructure and this may prove to be a challenge to an investment. Long-term potential for growth in India Indian economy possesses immense economic promise and potential. This has captured a great deal of attention from investors globally. India is said to be an economy with numerous possibilities and can have unpredictable impacts on businesses (Hall and Polo z, 771). The economy is expected to grow at a high rate (12.8% per year) in the near future and this is quite attractive to the investors. The income for Indians is also expected to increase in the coming years. The economy is expected to be among the most powerful in the next two decades. While it is true that the market in India has greater potential than other markets globally, available funds should be invested in sectors with long-term prospective growth such as technology more so the internet. The funds should be invested in areas where the rate of return is over 15%. Political or economic upheavals that might impact performance of the fund Political stability in any given country is vital since it determines the stability of the business environment. India is considered to be the biggest democracy in the world. The current political situation in the country can be described as fairly stable. The major problem facing politics in India is corruption which is a contributing fact or to poor investor confidence. Citizens feel that democracy is not fully exercised which can lead to an uprising in future leading to political instability. The economic state has been improving over the years as earlier mentioned. In terms of purchasing power and GDP, India is ranked third globally after the US and China (Guenthner). The GDP in 2007 was estimated to be $2.965 trillion and the GDP per capita was estimated to be $2700 (Guenthner). The FDI in 2007 was $16 million while in 2006 it was $5.5 million

Difference between entering the markets U.S.A and Austria based on Essay

Difference between entering the markets U.S.A and Austria based on hofstedes cultural dimensions - Essay Example The first category, that is; power distance measures less powerful members of asocial set up to the extent of acceptance of inequality. High gets in power distance indicate that a person workers or employers will not be granted advancement according to merit but rather what social set up has dictated for them. In individualism –collectivism high gets reflect strong person’s independence and a responsibility to one’s own actions.in Hofstede’s cultural dimensions; Masculinity-femininity affected very many societies. The values of women were relatively the same; meaning levels of modesty, caring, and sensitivity were relatively similar. Theworld’saverage in this category is 50. An average score implies that there is a balance between feminine and masculine qualities in a country. When it comes to uncertainty avoidance index, the world’s average in this category is 64. Rules and regulations in terms of intricate planning would be more prominent i n higher scoring countries. In his final cultural category; that is long term orientation Hofstede examines the preference for short term and long term goals in different countries. High scorers in this categoryindicate their culture is more persistent and thrifty (Ball et al., 2005). ... ed as the extent to which the less powerful members of the social set upor organizations within a state expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. The fact that disparities exist within a social set up is accepted by the subjects as well as by their leaders. The U.S.A has a low score on this category (40) which implies that the American liberty and justice for all has been underscored. This can be proved by the focus on equal rights in most aspects of the American social set up and government. Hierarchy is established for convenience for all American organizations just as superiors are always accessible and employers rely in a personworkers and teams for their experience. Both employers and workers in the American social set up expect to be consulted and information is shared frequently.at the same time, their communication is straight, casual and participative. Austria on the other hand gets as low as 11 in this category. This means that Austria is characterized by the f ollowing; there is a lot of independence, there is hierarchy for convenience purposesonly, persons have equal rights, superiors are easily accessible, leaders are viewed as coaches, their management facilitates and empowers workers. Power is not centralized and employers count on the participation and experience of their team members. Workers also expect to be consulted. Control on workers is unlikely and attitude towards employers are informal and on first name basis. Communication is express and participative (Hofstede, 2003). Individualism The most important issue addressed by this category is the degree of interdependence a social set up maintains among its members. This includesself-image defined in terms of â€Å"I† or â€Å"we† .individuals in a individualistic societies are

Gbalahi Landfill Effects on the Environment

Gbalahi Landfill Effects on the Environment Beyond Technical Description: the State of the Gbalahi Landfill and its Effects on the Environment. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0. Introduction One critical area of governance that has received huge investment in the developing world, especially in African countries in the last decade, is the social sector. However, in Africa, south of the Sahara, investment in the provision of social services is skewed towards health care and education with little going to environmental sanitation. This is in spite of the fact that African governments identified waste as the second most important problem after water quality (Senkoro, 2003) and also, the rapid urbanisation that the region is experiencing. Africa is said to have the highest rates of urbanisation in the world as more people live in urban centres (UN-Habitat, 2006). Although this offers economic opportunities, it also poses daunting environmental challenges in view of the fact that anthropogenic activities and rate of urbanisation are the factors that have been acknowledged to influence waste generation rates; the World Bank (2012) has observed that the higher the economic deve lopment and rate of urbanisation, the greater the amount of waste that is generated. As a consequence, waste in urban cities in Africa have not only increased, but have also resulted in waste management problem that has become intractable and threatens to undermine the efforts of city authorities as well as threatens the environment and public health (Baabereyir, 2009). Recent studies of the waste phenomenon in Africa have shown a litany of waste management issues: poor collection and disposal resulting in waste accumulation and indiscriminate dumping into valleys, streams and rivers, open gutters, et cetera leading to chocked drains, clogged streams and stinking gutters; lack of or poor management of disposal facilities or sites, as a result, they emit serious negative externalities on the physical environment and pose serious public health concerns , especially, for nearby communities; and others that municipal authorities in cities across Africa have to grapple with (Hardoy, Mitlin Satterthwaite, 2001; Kirondi, 1999; Onibokun Kumuyi, 1999; and Pacione, 2005). Against this background, it might seem today that waste management is a debilitating problem in cities in the developing world. On the contrary, studies have shown that waste management is particularly a major challenge that city authorities, the world over, face and many cities in the developed world have faced and may probably be facing still. Pacione (2005) observed that most city governments are confronted by mounting problems regarding the collection and disposal of solid waste. The problems with waste, Pacione (2005) further observed, are centred on the difficulties and high cost of disposal of the large volume generated by households and businesses in high-income countries; and collection, with between one-third and one-half of all solid waste generated remaining uncollected in lower-income countries. Girling (2005) also cited Lord Tycornnel of England in 1741 lamenting the neglect of cleanliness of which, perhaps, no part of the world affords more proof than the streets of Lo ndon, a city famous for wealth, commerce and plenty and for every other kind of civility and politeness; but which abounds with such heaps of filth as a savage would look on with amazement. In sub-Saharan Africa seen as the last global macro-region to experience urbanisation in the twenty first century (Amoah and Kosoe, 2014) the waste management situation seems worse as studies have shown and finds expression in city authorities inability to provide the entire functional elements of waste management: generation, onsite storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and recovery and disposal of waste. As a consequence, uncontrolled (crude) dumping appears to be officially endorsed and tends to create the perception that safe disposal of waste is beyond the capacity of municipal authorities, Oteng-Ababio (2011). In Ghana, like many developing countries, uncontrolled dumping of waste had been practised until 2004 (Post, 1999) due to lack of modern waste management infrastructure as a result of low investments (Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, 2011). Consequently, the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) lack capacity and modern faci lities for proper wastes management to meet international best practice that reduce the negative impacts of waste on the environment and public health. However, in 2004 Ghana took a huge step toward modern waste management practice by moving from open dumps to engineered sanitary landfills when two of such facilities were opened in Kumasi and Tamale (Oteng-Ababio, 2011). An engineered sanitary landfill is generally considered to be a site designed, constructed and operated to minimise its effects on the environment and public health. For example, the Solid Waste Agency (2014) defined landfill as a carefully engineered and managed structure which acts as a final disposal option for waste. The World Bank (1999) elaborated further by noting that, the commonly accepted, scientific or popular, definitions of sanitary landfilling require the isolation of the wastes from the environment until rendered innocuous through biological, chemical and physical degradation processes in the landfill. Thus a sanitary landfill is different in many respects from any other landfilling method of waste disposal. Primary differences between the landfill designs used are in the completeness of isolation and methods of construction. According to the World Bank (1999) isolation from the environment can range from: no isolation (e.g., open dumping) partial isolation (some planned release to groundwater) containment (low permeability lining within the site and collection and removal of leachate) dry entombment (i.e., long-term storage in dry conditions, rather than disposal) Thus, an engineered sanitary landfill must be managed in accord with this axiom (isolation of the waste from the environment until rendered innocuous through biological, chemical and physical degradation processes in the landfill) to prevent it from posing risk to the environment and health. To achieve this, the World Bank (1999) outlined four basic conditions that should be met by site design and operation for a landfill to be regarded as a better landfill: Full or partial hydrogeological isolation. Preferably, a site should be located in or on low permeability geological strata to inhibit leachate migration off-site into an underlying aquifer. If this is not possible then additional materials should be brought to the site, to reduce the permeability at the base of the site. These will help control leachate movement from the waste into the groundwater and surrounding strata, and, if necessary, allow leachate to be collected for treatment. Formal engineering preparations. A sanitary landfill should be constructed from prepared engineering designs developed from local site geological and hydrogeological investigations. Once constructed, a sanitary landfill has to be operated according to a waste disposal plan leading to a final restoration plan. Permanent control. Sufficient numbers of trained staff should be based at the landfill to supervise and direct all preparation, site construction, and waste emplacement activities, as well as the regular operation, maintenance, and monitoring of gas and leachate control systems. Planned waste emplacement and covering. Waste should be spread in layers and, if necessary, compacted mechanically as part of the emplacement procedure, not dumped over a cliff-like working face. Where practicable the waste should be deposited in only a small working area and covered daily to render it less accessible to pests and vermin. EJnet.org (2003) posited that a secured landfill or an engineered sanitary landfill must have four critical elements to be successful: a bottom liner, a leachate collection system, a cover, and the natural hydrogeologic setting. The natural setting can be selected to minimise the possibility of wastes escaping to groundwater beneath a landfill. The three other elements must be engineered. The Tamale engineered sanitary landfill is located at Gbalahi in the newly created Sagnarigu District but serves both the Tamale Metropolitan and Sagnarigu District Assemblies. The landfill is the only scientific waste receptacle in Tamale (now made up of the Tamale Metropolitan and Sagnarigu District Assemblies). The construction of the Gbalahi landfill has brought a huge sigh of relief to local authorities who hitherto had no place of disposing off their waste in a cost effective and environmentally sound manner. Thus, officialdom basks in this achievement and the landfill is seen as the best solution to the waste management challenges in Tamale. Sadly, however, the project has received negative publicity in the local media due to its management. Management of waste disposal sites seems to be a major drawback to the overall efforts of waste management and it is as challenging as the management of waste through all the other functional elements before final disposal in cities in dev eloping countries, Ghana, and for that matter, Tamale inclusive (Coffie, 2010; Foday, Xiangbin and Quangyen, 2013; Owusu-Sekyere, Kpieta and Abdul- Kadri, 2013; Remigios, 2010; Salam Abul, 2010 Amoah and Kosoe, 2014). Against this background, it would seem reasonable to conclude that among the many problems that confront local authorities in Ghana, management of waste disposal sites is a particularly worrying issue that seems to overwhelm them. In fact, the problem appears intractable leading to waste burden in the cities. Many believe that the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4, 5, 6 and 7 which concerns child mortality, maternal health, malaria, et cetera and environmental sustainability could not be realised by the end of 2015 in part because poor management of waste since waste disposal affects most of the issues the MDGs addressed. There is therefore an urgent call to find pragmatic measures to ensure effective management of landfill sites in Ghana. These issues invite research attention. 1.2. Statement of the problem The problem under investigation in this research is the worsening state of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill site in Tamale and its effects on the environment. Compared to other waste disposal methods, landfill is the simplest, cheapest and most cost-effective method of disposing of waste (Barrett and Lawler, 1995), and easier to operate. As a result, in most low- to medium-income countries, landfill has become the ideal choice for final waste disposal with almost 100 per cent of generated waste going into landfills (World Health Organisation, 2006). Even in many rich countries, most waste is landfilled; according to the EEA (2003), over 75 per cent of generated waste within the European Union is landfilled. Although landfill seems to naturally be the preferred option for final waste disposal, especially, in low- to medium-income countries, it could be a real threat to public health and the environment if not properly managed. According to Foday, Xiangbin and Quangyen (2013) poor and ineffective management of landfills turn them to sources of environmental and health hazards to people living near it. The management practice at the Gbalahi landfill site leaves much to be desired and below best practice of engineered sanitary landfill where the object is to isolate the waste from the environment until it is rendered innocuous through biological, chemical and physical processes of nature (UNEP, 2005). As a result, the landfill site is saddled with a litany of challenges including ease of access by any and everybody, non-functional scale house (a component for determining the amount of waste that the landfill receives, et cetera), fires, haphazard placement of waste especially during the rai ning season, irregular compaction of placed waste, non-coverage of placed waste, chocked or silted inspection chambers, scavenging or waste picking even in the working face, et cetera (Figure 1.1). Figure 1.1: Aspects of the poor management of Gbalahi Landfill in Tamale Burning and Waste Picking at Gbalahi Landfill in Tamale Source: Field Work, 2015 As a consequence there increased leachate production, especially during the raining season; smoke pollution; breeding of vermin; and is it impossible to know how much waste the landfill has received so far and how much more it can receive; et cetera and many believe the landfill is gradually turning into nothing more than a dump. The effects of this poor or the lack of management of the landfill site is unsightly facility, flies, odour; et cetera. These are becoming apparent as in recent times communities living proximal to and downstream the landfill site have been agitating and threatening to forcefully close it down due to what they say pollution, thus bringing into sharp focus the concepts of NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) and LULU (location of unwanted land use). Conditions at the site are increasingly becoming inimical to the ecosystem within its immediate surroundings as well as health risks to households living proximal. This situation calls for a scientific study to ascertain the state of the facility and the effects it is having on the environment. Unfortunately, this has not been done yet which leaves people to conjecture and policy makers with no scientific information for decision making. This study is therefore focused on analysing and gaining insights into the state of the landfill and how the operations are affecting the environment. This will provide information on the blind spots of policy makers and stakeholders, what works well and what can be done in managing the facility and also contribute to the growing mass of knowledge regarding landfill sites management. 1.3. Research Questions To achieve the goal of the study, the research was designed to answer the following questions: What is the state of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill? How is the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill affecting the environment? What factors militate against proper management of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill? In what ways can the management of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill be improved upon? 1.4. Purpose and objectives of the study The purpose of this study was to examine the state of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill in Tamale and how it is affecting the environment, with the aim of enhancing understanding of the problem and the key issues affecting the management of the landfill, and also to identify possible solutions to the problem. Pursuant to this, the specific objectives that guided the study were: To examine the state of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill To assess the effects of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill on the environment To identify the factors that militate against proper management of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill To identify ways to improve upon the management of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill 1.5. Scope of the Research Geographically, the study took place at the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill site located northeast of the city of Tamale, about 5 km from the city centre. Tamale is made up of the Tamale Metropolitan and the Sagnarigu District Assemblies. Tamale has a total population of 366,262, urban population of 274,022 and 58,855 households (GSS, 2012). The Gbalahi sanitary landfill site is located within the Sagnarigu District but serves both the Tamale Metropolitan Assembly (TaMA) and the Sagnarigu District Assembly. Tamale is located between 0Â °45ÂÂ ¹ W and 0Â °55ÂÂ ¹ W and latitude 9Â °20ÂÂ ¹ N and 9Â °30ÂÂ ¹ N. The Gbalahi sanitary landfill site consists of a solid waste receiving facility and a liquid waste treatment facility. The solid waste dumping facility is a sanitary landfill. The landfill has a total area of ha, divided into two phases or cells: one cell is full and inactive but uncapped while the other is in operation. The facility receives approximate ly ..0 t of solid waste per day. The landfill began receiving waste in .. 2004 and it is estimated to receive a total of 0 t of solid waste by the time it is capped. The liquid waste treatment plant consists of three ponds made up of two 1216 m2 and 1216 m2 primary and secondary facultative ponds respectively and two 2432 m2 anaerobic ponds arranged in series and are connected to a common 4464 m2 aerobic pond. The system is designed to allow the units to operate in rotation. Liquid waste, including leachate from the landfill is discharged into the anaerobic pond; the connections of the ponds make it possible for the discharged liquid waste to be opened into the primary facultative pond. When the water level in the primary facultative pond is high enough, it is opened into the secondary facultative pond through a connecting valve. By the same token, the water in the secondary facultative pond is opened through a valve into the aerobic pond when the level is high. Through this natural process, as the water moves from pond to pond through the controlled valves, it becomes cleaner. The study was limited to the site because there is a growing concern about its management which many believe is below best practice of sanitary landfill thereby turning it into an environmental and health threat. Also, the proper management of the facility has a bearing on waste management in Tamale as it is the only final disposal site in the area. The context of the study is on the management practices at the landfill site and how that is affecting the environment. This is because the main differentiating element between a dump and an engineered sanitary landfill besides the engineering works in construction is the management practices. Figures 1.1-1.5 below show the map of Ghana, Tamale, the landfill site, solid waste facility, liquid waste treatment plant and sampling locations. 1.6. Relevance and Justification for the Study Since the dawn of civilisation and throughout history, humans have evolved means by which generated waste is disposed; pursuance to this, landfill has been and continuous to be the most popular option for waste disposal across the globe, Ghana and for that matter Tamale inclusive. In recent years and with the advancement in technology, landfill technology (in engineered sanitary landfill) has made it possible for waste to be isolated from the environment until it is rendered innocuous through biological, chemical and physical processes of nature before it is discharged into the environment. To this end, an engineered sanitary landfill must be managed in accord with recommended standards of sanitary practice. This is because, the consequences if overlooked are incalculable: disease outbreak and infections, reduction in the ambient quality of the environment, loss of human resources et cetera. The management operations at the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill in Tamale seems to fall below recommended best practice. This situation of the facility calls for scientific study to ascertain the impact of the landfill on the environment; unfortunately, the only attempt of a study of the site is a PhD thesis proposal on the topic: Overcoming the Barriers and Challenges to the Development of Domestic Sewage Fish Culture by Abdul-Rahaman submitted to the Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, College of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Apart from this, other studies such as Puopiels (2010) work: Solid Waste Management in Ghana: The Case of Tamale Metropolitan Area; Songsore and McGranahans (1996) study Women and Household Environmental Care in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area; Aryee and Crooks (2003) work: Toilet Wars: Urban Sanitation Services and the Politics of Public-Private Participation in Ghana and Devas and Korboes (2000) work on City Governance and Poverty in Kumasi have investigated issues related t o the urban waste problem in Ghana. These studies are but a few of the studies that have examined a wide range of environmental issues in Ghana; none of them has investigated the issue of engineered sanitary landfill site management to provide adequate understanding of the problem even though it remains a major component in achieving the overall goal of modern waste management. This situation creates a knowledge gap and makes it difficult to find solutions to the worsening state of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill. To this end, this study will help to know the impact that the operations of the facility is having on the environment and further the understanding of the management problem of the landfill as well as provide a useful starting point for addressing the challenges. The research will also contribute to both the theory and practice of engineered sanitary landfill management. 1.7. Organisation of the Study This research has been organised into five chapters. Chapter one has provided a systematic introduction to the research study, statement of the problem, research questions, purpose and objectives of the study, scope of the research; relevance and justification for the study and organisation of the study. Chapter two reviews related literature and discussed landfill management operations and challenges in developing countries as well as examined the concepts of integrated waste management and sustainable waste management as conceptual frameworks and how they relate to waste management. Chapter three talked about the methods by which the data or information for the study was collected. Chapter four analysed and discussed the findings of the research and Chapter five concluded the study by presenting a summary of the key findings upon which lessons are drawn.

The In-Between World of Vikram Lall Essay -- essays research papers

Divided in four parts – â€Å"The Year of Our Loves and Friendships†, â€Å"The Year of Her Passion†, â€Å"The Years of Betrayal†, and â€Å"Homecoming- The In-Between World of Vikram Lall is a bold attempt at telling the epic of Asian people in Africa. It is a novel concerning themes of love, passion, commitment and more importantly, identity. The narrator, Vikram Lall, is a Kenyan born Indian who grows up in an era where rebellion, confusion, and disruption were all prevalent. In this journal, you will learn about the characters, themes, and settings in the first half of this book. Part One: The Year of Our Loves and Friendships In the first section we are introduced to the Lall family, who are residents of Kenya. At once the reader is introduced to the idea of cross-racial and cross-cultural love. Vikram and his younger sister Deepa have befriended the son of their gardener, Njoroge. It is immediately apparent that Deepa and Njoroge have romantic feelings for one another. What makes this unusual is the fact that Njoroge is black. B y doing this it is apparent that Vassanji is illustrating that even in a time where inter-racial love was not socially acceptable, it still existed. He further emphasized this through the portrayal of Vic’s romantic relationship with Annie, a British girl whose brother was friends with Vikram. This alludes to the â€Å"in-between† portion of the title, for intertwining of several different races can be viewed as â€Å"in-between†. The fact Vassanji consistently refers to a time where racism was predominant it forces the reader to think back to the time where East Africa was very â€Å"confused†. Both of my parents are from East Africa and lived in here the precise time that Vassanji is referring to. They witnessed first hand the lack of identity that existed at that time. Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya were ruled by the British, run by the Indians and populated by the Africans. Because everyone played a different role they all felt like visitors on a foreign land. The Africans, whose land it was initially, were very angered by these circumstances and tribes like the Mau Mau went to great lengths to get back their land. Bloodshed was not an uncommon tactic for they resorted to it quite often. In fact, in the novel, Annie and Billy’s family are murdered by the Mau Mau for they were of British decent. Annie’s Death marked the moment where Vikram lost his love. He ... ...s eyes with a bayonet or something.† The idea of walking out of the street and witnessing such cruelty opens the readers’ eyes to a harsh reality. Style/Technique Vassanji adequately uses diction to enhance the story as well as using rhetoric questions. These rhetorical questions are very important to the story for they signal the readers response when necessary. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although it took me a while to actually get into the book, as soon as I got in I found it really hard to put down. There is so much conflict both internal and external that upon reading the reader becomes fully submerged. The idea of co-racial relationships was at first hard to believe. I am not exactly sure what will happen in the last two parts of â€Å"The In-Between World of Vikram Lall†, but I think that something absolutely shocking will occur, such as Deepa and Dilip will not marry each other, even if their parents want them to. I think that this will cause a lot of anger and betrayal among the families. The more I read through this book, the more I wanted to read. I hope the ending is as good as the start, but I will have to wait until I have finished reading it to find out.

Satan: Rebel or Hero?

John Milton's epic, Paradise Lost, has had numerous, diverse evaluations and translations. Milton's objective in composing it was to explicate the storyline of Adam and Eve. Even though the epic is like the biblical story in some regard, Milton's character arrangement deviates from that of the Bible's story. All through the epic, Milton illustrates the characters in the manner he imagines they are. In Paradise Lost, Milton depicts Satan as someone with heroic and insubordinate characteristics, but it becomes clear that Satan is not a hero. To demonstrate how major Satan is to Paradise Lost, Milton begins with an introduction of Satan. He utilizes Satan's valiant traits to his supporters, and his depravity capability to present the fine line between the virtuous and the wicked. Satan, who was called Lucifer, was a highly regarded angel in Heaven. This proves that he was formerly upstanding. The reader views Satan as a powerfully authoritative leader to all in his company. Milton illustrates Satan's behavior when saying, â€Å"His pride/ had cast him out from Heaven, with all his host. Of rebel angels, by whose aspiring/ To set himself in glory above his peers† (Milton, 4). Arrogance was the chief cause why God banished Satan from Heaven. Satan constantly attempted to be the person in charge, instead of abiding God’s rules. He could have made a living in Paradise eternally, but his rebellious feelings were too strong as he declares, â€Å"Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven† (Milton, 31). Th is demonstrates how keen he felt about not being below fellow angels. Multiple happenings like the previously mentioned ones are used as persuasion to see Satan as a hero. Satan is seen as the central and smartest angel. Satan is recognized as the second most powerful under God who has the most power. Before Satan chooses to renounce his current lifestyle and defy God, he was one of the most alluring and clever angels in heaven. Even though Satan was attractive, the main feature that makes him heroic is that he was the most commanding angel. This assists him significantly in his uprising against God because the additional angels admire him. An additional ability can be seen in the rebellion, his speech talent. Satan is capable of convincing his fellow angels to accompany him in his revolt. When Satan states, â€Å"to govern, not to serve,† he stresses freedom and persuades others to join him and his rebellion. Satan orates all throughout the story. His speeches are lengthy yet persuasive. Satan convinces one-third of all the angels in Heaven to team up with him. His orations heighten his followers’ interest and confidence in him. †To suffer, as to do/ our strength is equal; nor the law unjust/That so ordains. This was at first resolved, /If we were wise, against so great a foe /Contending, and so doubtful what might fall† (Milton, 68). In this part of Satan's talk, Milton presents Satan’s skill by his diction. In addition, this shows why the others admire Satan, as Hamilton says, â€Å"Satan is seen as a prince of Hell, as Well as commoner and matchless chief† (Hamilton, 21). After obtaining supporters, Satan is prepared for war against God. Satan’s speech about locating in the Capitol of Hell, Pandemonium, is an arousing one. â€Å"To have built Heaven high towers/Nor did he scape/ By all his engines but was headlong sent/ With industrious crew to build in Hell† (Milton, 55). The reader sees how much Satan enjoys the attention when his supporters root for him. This exemplifies the important responsibility that Satan's arrogance takes part in his judgment. Satan’s arrogance messes with his plot many different times. By doing this, Satan starts to fret about himself and the views of himself in his supporters’ eyes. Satan carries on stating, â€Å"Should we again provoke Our Stronger, some worse way his wrath may find to our destruction† (Milton, 63). ?This speech appears to be one of Satan's top moments because his followers are ready to work with Satan, and he enjoys being the leader of his followers. Now that Satan has peeked his power, he begins to decrease his heroic traits. The primary signal is after his speech, â€Å"I should be much for open war, O peers/ As not behind in hate, if what was urged/ Main reason to persuade immediate war/ Did not dissuade me most† (Milton, 64). Satan seems to be swamped with thoughts of how he is going to challenge God. Satan is still seen as a hero to his supporters due to how he goes to face God unaided, â€Å"Satan their chief, undertakes alone the voyage, is honored and applauded† (Milton, 59). Though, Milton displays this side of Satan to make them think before guessing that Satan is the hero of the story. Even with the â€Å"heroic qualities† Satan has, one does not have to consider him â€Å"heroic† (Hamilton, 14). This speech foreshadows an oration that puts evidence against Satan being a hero. Satan is not as courageous as he was in the initial part of the story, but he has descended to sneakiness. Milton starts to show these characteristics to recognize the reality of Satan. Along with these details, the reader can notice how Satan is not a hero, but merely a person with a lot of power dependence with multiple heroic traits. Satan can be seen as a hero in the epic’s beginning, but Milton alters the outlook of Satan radically as the epic goes on. Satan is actually a self-centered weakling that let his â€Å"pride lead to ingratitude towards God† from the epic’s start (Weber, 25). Even though Satan is a superb speech giver and grand warrior, he appears duplicitous of what he says to his supporters in what he thinks and what he actually performs. Satan’s initial introduction is an instance of this. Satan tells the others fallen angels to not be scared, despite his own fright. All throughout the epic, Satan’s character depreciates. Satan is seen as a grand fighter and then as time passes, his own supporters start to disbelieve him. Milton has his bright hero go forward to be seen and then repelled. This shows how the two most heroic traits that Milton utilizes to portray Satan as an insubordinate hero were diminished, and Milton's Satan is not a hero ultimately. Works Cited Hamilton, George Rostrevor. Hero or Fool? A Study of Milton's Satan. London: G. Allen and Uwin Ltd. , 1944. Milton, John. Paradise Lost: Books I and II. Boston: Ginn, Heath, Pc Co. , 1883. ? Weber, Burton Jasper. The Constitution of Paradise Lost. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1971.

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Country Analysis- India Essay India functions on a democratic system, which heavily influences the political situation of the country. However, this democracy stems from a caste system. A caste system is a social grouping that combines a group of particular members based on specific professions and usually leads to the isolation of each individual caste. The Indian people adopted the caste system to create an easy differentiation of communities and neighborhoods. Recently in India there has been a relaxing of the caste system depending on the part of India in which you are looking. In the cities you will see more of an intermingling and mix of the higher caste systems but as you explore the rural areas, you find a traditional form of the caste system. In recent years India has become the largest democracy in the world. The economy is highly affected by the political situation in India. The country suffers from high unemployment and poverty as two of its main issues that currently influence the economic standing of the country. With two opposing parties with vastly different views for the vision of the economy the country is found being pulled for a free market economy and an economy that strongly opposes globalization and favors a â€Å"land-for-all† attitude. (â€Å"Politics of India†) In India the legal situation highly resembles a common law model that is found in England today but is clout with Indian culture. In the courts India has a judge that acts as a neutral party that enforces the law fairly amongst each party. The government too has three branches: the executive, the judiciary and the legislative. The courts hold a common theme of carrying out justice to the people. (Srikrishna) One article says, â€Å"According to Gallups annual public opinion polls, India is perceived by Americans as their 7th favorite nation in the world† (â€Å"India-United State Relations†) Based off this observation, the relationship between the United States of American and India seems to be quite close and cordial. However, this does not mean the countries have always agreed on every matter. Back in the late 1990’s when Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the Prime Minister he began to authorize testing of nuclear weapons and the United Sates chose to form against them and eventually was mandated to cut off economic ties. In 2001 the United States under the Clinton administration began to have economic discussion, opening the door for the Bush administration to partake in close monitoring of India’s nuclear weapons and began strengthening the economic ties. The two countries have really come together in times of need such as  the attacks on September 11,2001 and the December 2004 tsunamis. The most recent development in the relationship is under the pressing of the Obama administration. Right out of the gate of the first term of his presidency, President Obama addressed the issue of the Indian-American relationship and said that he was going to take the steps necessary â€Å"further strengthen the excellent bilateral relationship† (â€Å"India-United State Relations†) This goal was communicated vastly amongst the administration, assuring the citizens of both countries that it was a beneficial relationship. The main person taking care of this relationship is Hilary Clinton. As time passed the country of India became concerned that the relationship was not being as cared for like they were assured would be done. Rather they believed the United States was more focused on their relationship with China and eventually the country of Pakistan. The issues of the bilateral relationship continued to struggle for some time, even after a visit to the White House from Prime Minister Singhin November 2010, which was to hopefully fix or strengthen the relationship. In May 2010 President Obama communicated that shared values, interests and the two larges democracies established the partnership between the United States and India. (â€Å"India-United State Relations†) The economic relation between the United States and India has been continuing to be strengthened since the Clinton administration where the bilateral economic dialogue was established. This is a system where the accountability for consultations amongst multiple high powers. (See exhibit A) (â€Å"Embassy of India†) Since this original discussion; there have been multiple dialogue mechanisms to strengthen the bilateral relationship on the economy and trade issues. This includes different forums and financial partnerships. In the first seven or so months of the year 2013 the United States of America increased the percent they did trade with India 7.4%. (â€Å"Embassy of India†) The relationship of the United States and India is perfectly summed up by the words of the National Security adviser Shivshankar Menon, From a time when we dealt with each other formally, sometimes warily, we today have a full spectrum relationship, between our governments, our peoples and our institutions. (Menon) In the year 2011 the Gross National Product increased over 8 billion INR, an increase of 11,846.1 INR since 2010. It has a forecast of following a trend and reaching almost 9 billion INR for the next year. This is also a steady view of how the inflation levels have  effected the GNP of India and will continue do so in the future. (See exhibit B) (No current data was found) (â€Å"India Gross National Product†) The most current GNP per capita was calculated using the PPP to the US dollar using the atlas method divided by a midyear population. In 2011 in India, the GNP resulted to be $1,420.00 at a ranking of 142/191. In consideration of the past is a very steady increase, however, in comparison the U.S it is hardly an increase at all. (â€Å"India-GNI per capita) As of 2006 India spends 3.11% of their gross national product on their education system. Looking to increase this percentage over the years and have lowered the illiteracy rate by 2015. (â€Å"Infochange India†) Today when discussing the opportunity for a company, of any kind, but especially a U.S company, to manufacture in India the support to do so is quite present. One major benefit of manufacturing in India is that the government has been putting into place a plan of action to create a substantial steady flow of economic progress and one of the crucial aspects is through manufacturing. It began in 2010 with the implementation of a Manufacturing Policy, that industry and the government fully supports. The plan began with the rubber industry in India and where they were choosing to invest, it has continued into medical supplies, a chocolate factory and a huge factory by the direct marketing company, Amway. The Prime Minister has stated that the commitment of expanding the manufacturing in India is of highest priority for the economic growth of the country. (â€Å"Manufacturing Sector in India†) Another great aspect of pursuing manufacturing in India versus a country like China is the possibility of lower wages in India, China continues to raise the minimum wage. There is also the language barrier that disappears when you choose to manufacture in India versus another foreign country with a different native tongue. There is also a younger work force in India than in China and with a similar government as that of the United States it is easier to do business. (Shilling) With all the rage to rush off and pursue manufacturing in India there are those who have doubts, like the unknown author of the article in The Economist, the author says, â€Å"If India is to become ‘the next China’—a manufacturing powerhouse—it is taking its time about it.† (â€Å"Manufacturing in India†) When it comes to a company from the United States and whether or not to compete in India, there is good support that says to go for it. Now a days we have so many jobs outsourced to India it seems foolish to not take it a step further. Particularly in the software industry, there is a large convention that is held there annually and the United States is greatly underrepresented and most likely missing out on big opportunities, because the reality is that the show will go on with out the U.S present. India has been focusing on the service industry over the last years but are now moving towards an industrial form of business. Also present is a strong entrepreneurial spirit, which can be wonderful for a new company coming in because the people will be willing to get in on the ground floor of an international operation, as well as bring new ideas and twists to the table. (â€Å"Americans Should Jump on the India Wave†) Another aspect in general to approach entering any country competitively is the exchange rate and currency. Look into how the country performs monetarily and see how the exchange rate and inflation will affect your business on the day-to-day operations but also over time. (Aimes) When going back and looking at the idea of manufacturing and competing in India based off the Economic Freedom Index, the index can mean multiple things for both. In general India is a 55.2 out of 100 in Economic Freedom. This is 119th out of 177, (not including Lybia) while the United States is scores a 76.0 sitting at the top as number 10 of 177. When assessing the index with the idea of a company from the Unite States manufacturing in India I look the factors that influence the index such as the labor freedom, this looks into the aspect of the legality of the labor market of the country, or in our case, India. This means that as a company we have to be cautious not to abuse or practice the immoral practice of extremely low wages or poor work conditions. As far as competing the issue that stands out to me pertaining to the EFI is the corrupt factor, with a low score like India, as a company one would need to watch closely at the practices taking place overseas. (â€Å"Index of Economic Freedom†) The Human Development Index in India is found in the medium HDI. Since 2011 India’s HDI decreased by 2 but is forecasted to increase .07 over the next year. The HDI refers to how the country’s population is take care of, such as life expectancy, education,  etc. This covers the wellbeing of the citizens of the country; I think this affects the manufacture and competitive aspect equally. If the people are not taken care of who is going to manage and operate the company, as an organization it would just be something that must be kept in mind. (â€Å"Human Development Index†) Pertaining to the Global Competitiveness Report it is hard to know how they would affect us because as a country India is not present in the top 30 for the last four years. So the assumption is made the India is not as competitive as portrayed by some people, but that does not mean there is no room for growth. (â€Å"Global Competitiveness Report†) India holds a score of 36 on the corruption perceptions index; this means that again when looking into entering the country either with manufacturing or competitive ambition one must asses the risk that is going be taken, such as how will the government treat your corporation as well as how will the patrons of the country view your corporation. (â€Å"Corruptions Perception Index†) Last but definitely not least another report that is very useful in assessing the want to on pursuing a manufacture or competitive is the World Press Freedom Index. India is in the difficult situation range in this index meaning, that freedom of speech is kind of difficult to actually have because the government watches closely to what is being spoken and said about their country and the people in it. (â€Å"Reporters without Borders†) Based off the indexes and other information presented above do not believe as a company of the United States need to enter the market in India. I believe this is so because of the uncertainty of the market, as stated above India has great potential to grow and be the next China but it has been heading in that direction since the 1950’s and not much change is evident. There are aspects about the country that would be desirable to enter into and if doing so I recommend the company use the strategy of global standardization. This strategy uses the low cost of the country to its advantage and in the United States outsourcing is chosen for that very reason, so instead of just outsourcing I believe it would be wise to use this method to pursue a start up of an international branch in a country like India where there is low labor cost and where it is not necessary for the people to respond due to the fact that there is a low economic freedom and instead it relies more on the main office back in the United States rather than the host country, or in our case, India. (Aimes) Exhibits Exhibit A Exhibit B Works Cited Aimes, Frederico. Foreign Exchange. Online Lecture, Stillwater. 07 Oct. 2013. Lecture . Aimes, Frederico. International Business Strategy. Lecture. International Management Lecture. D2L, Stillwater. 09 Oct. 2013. Web. 09 Oct. 2013. Americans Should Jump on the India Wave. Web log post. Boston.com. N.p., 21 Feb. 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Corruption Perceptions Index. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Aug. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Embassy of India Washington DC (official Website) United States of America Economic Relations. Embassy of India Washington DC (official Website) United States of America Economic Relations. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Global Competitiveness Report. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Index of Economic Freedom. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 June 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. India GNI per Capita. India. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. India GDP per Capita. TRADING ECONOMICS. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. India Gross National Product. TRADING ECONOMICS. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. India–United States Relations. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 May 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. Infochange India. India Invests Just 3.3% of Its GNP on Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. List of Countries by Human Development Index. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Manufacturing in India: The Masala Mittelstand. Editorial. The Economist 11 Aug. 2012: n. pag. The Economist. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Manufacturing Sector in India. , Manufacturing Industry, Indian Industries. India Brand Equity Foundation, Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Menon, Shivshankar. India, US Ties Have Come a Long Way: Shivshankar Menon. The Economic Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Politics of India. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 June 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. Reporters Without Borders. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Oct. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Shilling, A. Gary. Why India Will Displace China as Global Growth Engine. Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 16 Dec. 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Srikrishna, B. N. (2008) The Indian Legal System, International Journal of Legal Information: Vol. 36: Iss.2, Article 8. Available at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/ijli/vol36/iss2/8