The Bonesetter’s Daughter Essay -- English Literature:

study constitute on important part in The Bonesetters Daughter.What is the significance of the intelligences title?The Bonesetters Daughter in my opinion holds a deeper meaning as atitle. Amy Tan could ache called the book Precious Auntie or LiuXing Gu if you directly translate the bonesetters daughter. Why didAmy Tan choose this title? These three wrangling essential contain some deepermeaning and therefore we should not judge the title at face value. Thefirst thing that we should look at is what these three words aresignifying. They are putting emphasis on the bonesetter by saying thatthis book is about His daughter. Tan could have paraphrased the titleinto The Daughter of the Bonesetter This means that there must besome importance laid on this bonesetter. The term daughter of thefamous bonesetter is only used a few times at bottom the contents. AmyTan wanted to accentuate two bits of information. One of those wordsis daughter. Since most of the book is mostly feminine based , itshould, naturally, have a more feminine title. ahead reading the bookwe are told that this story is about a girl or a woman and peradventure herfather. However, we are not told about the bonesetters daughter untilpage 155. This is telling us something. We thought that the maincharacter in this book had to be the bonesetters daughter. We nowfind out that this is perhaps not so and that it will be difficult topin point the main character in this book. The main difficulty iswithin the fact that this book has no immediate plot. It is more of amixture between psychological drama and the autobiography of a woman.Nobody can summarize the book effectively within one sentence. Thestory is far too intricate. This is exact... ...ere used as a way tospeak to the gods and ask them questions whose answers could be readfrom the cracks which appeared on the rocks. Bones are a veryimportant part of the Chinese culture and are used for a holy purpose.Naturally, this again links to the curse t hat this family is pursueby. If bones really hold that much power over people by being able tocommunicate with the gods, then if they are misused and insane likethe way the Gu family did, they can therefore be able to curse them.The curse has grown in importance for LuLing ever since she hasrealized wherefore it has followed them and what kind of disasters it maylead to. Precious Auntie is the key link between the bonesetter andLuLing and Ruth. She is also the one who suffered most from thiscurse. This is why she is such an important character. This is why sheforms the title of this book.

Confucianism Essay -- Religion Confucianism

Confucianism The religion of Confucianism is and interesting and unique religion. The various parts of this belief system deal more with benignity than with deities or supernatural occurrences. It is this fact that leads many to believe that Confucianism is more a philosophy or way of life than a religion. There are, however, various ceremonies and beliefs that those who honor Confucianism observe. In short, Confucianism has had more impact on the lives of the Chinese than any other single religion. Confucius was born in the province of Lu (now known as Shantung), in 551 BC, the youngest of eleven children, in the period of Chinas history when the nation was divided into feudal states. Confucius saw the time in which he lived as a low bear down in Chinas history so he set out to teach his philosophy in an effort of improving his society. He was born into a terrific class, but his family had been stripped of its nobility by the time he was born. By the age of 21 he had been so wel l educated that he already had disciples and by 22, he had opened a school. He became known later in life as Kung Fu Tzu (which was later Latinized in the west as Confucius), signification Great Master Kung, for his teaching. It is known that he had a wife , a son, and a daughter, and that he held a few governmental offices. The teachings of Confucius were to lead people to arrive at a status known as Chun Tzu, or superior man, to become Chun Tzu you must reach a perfect balance and awareness in governmental and social situations. In the time of Confucius, only the aristocracy was educated, which meant that the Chun Tzu was exclusively the wealthy, however, he devoted his life to teaching everyone regardless of their financial standing, provided they were intelligent eno... ...ained a full-grown following, with Buddhism competing directly against Confucianism (Taoism, due to its similarities coexisted with Confucianism without much conflict). Eventually, Chinese political leade rs came to believe that foreign religions (one of which was Buddhism) were eroding their traditional way of life, and this resulted in the persecution of many who followed these foreign religions, so revitalizing Confucianism. In the past century, Confucianism has suffered greatly. due to industrialization and science, it has been seen as outdated and as abridging personal freedoms. Today it has finally began another resurgence. The current ideals of society get hold of turned toward more spirituality and respect for other religions has once again breathed new life into this old philosophy. Bibliography Aspects of Religion CD-rom, Interactive Learning Productions, 1994

A Tougher Death Penalty Will Reduce Crime Essay -- Expository Cause Ef

We Need a Tougher last Penalty Many people, in general, are trying to abolish the ending penalty. Why? Why try to abolish something that is in need in our countermine world? Like for instance, in the case of the monster named Westley Dodd. The death penalty is doing the world of crime some good. If the people could see the right in their invalidating outlook. Westley Dodd had been impris superstard for child molesting in many occasions and in 1989 committed a crime that of horrific nature that made even the detectives cry. Westley Dodd preyed on children, wizard of the many, stuck out in everyones minds. Dodd caught the solicitude of five-year old boy named Lee Islei, knocked him unconscious, then dragged him to his apartment. Dodd then tortured him and molested him repeatedly for several hours, and then had the obscurity to capture it every on videotape. Dodd ended up strangling the beat-up child to death and keeping his underwear as a souvenir (Lerch). In Dodds trial, he explained that he could never restrain from committing venomous sex-homicide crimes. Thankfully, the jury sentenced him to death. He requested to be executed by hanging, and was, on January 5, 1993 (Lerch). This is a perfect situation that was in defined need of the death penalty. regard it or not, many of these sick, perverted men get out of jail. Dodd did before he murdered Lee Iseli. Thats why the death penalty comes in real number handy in instances like these. there are also many points that can be proven and objects that can be expressed concerning the death penalty. The one that is going to be the main topic of this paper is, Is the death penalty an effective deterrent in the outlook of the ontogenesis crime of murder? There is a tremendou... .... DiIulio Jr., John J. The Death Penalty Is an impelling Deterrent. The Death Penalty opponent Viewpoints .CaliforniaGreenhaven Press, 1997. Friends For Life. Friends For Life--the organization. On-Line. available http//w ww.friends-for-life.demon.co.uk/. Search Internet. Lerch , Randy. The master Death Penalty Pages. On-line Available http//www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/8169/. Search Internet. January 31, 1997. Lewin, Tamar. Punishable By Death Who Decides Who Will Die? New York Times . New York SIRS 1995 Corrections. 1995. Sowell, Thomas. The Death Penalty Is an Effective Deterrent. The Death Penalty Opposing Viewpoints .CaliforniaGreenhaven Press, 1997. Steamer, Robert J. Furman vs. Georgia. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1995. Appendix A. New York SIRS 1995 Corrections. 1995. A Tougher Death Penalty Will Reduce Crime Essay -- Expository Cause EfWe Need a Tougher Death Penalty Many people, in general, are trying to abolish the death penalty. Why? Why try to abolish something that is in need in our corrupt world? Like for instance, in the case of the monster named Westley Dodd. The death penalty is doing the world of crime some good. If the people could see the right in their negative outlook. Westley Dodd had been imprisoned for child molesting in many occasions and in 1989 committed a crime that of horrific nature that made even the detectives cry. Westley Dodd preyed on children, one of the many, stuck out in everyones minds. Dodd caught the attention of five-year old boy named Lee Islei, knocked him unconscious, then dragged him to his apartment. Dodd then tortured him and molested him repeatedly for several hours, and then had the obscurity to capture it all on videotape. Dodd ended up strangling the beat-up child to death and keeping his underwear as a souvenir (Lerch). In Dodds trial, he explained that he could never restrain from committing brutal sex-homicide crimes. Thankfully, the jury sentenced him to death. He requested to be executed by hanging, and was, on January 5, 1993 (Lerch). This is a perfect situation that was in definite need of the death penalty. Believe it or not, many of these sick, perverted men get out of jail. Dodd di d before he murdered Lee Iseli. Thats why the death penalty comes in real handy in instances like these. There are also many points that can be proven and objects that can be expressed concerning the death penalty. The one that is going to be the main topic of this paper is, Is the death penalty an effective deterrent in the outlook of the growing crime of murder? There is a tremendou... .... DiIulio Jr., John J. The Death Penalty Is an Effective Deterrent. The Death Penalty Opposing Viewpoints .CaliforniaGreenhaven Press, 1997. Friends For Life. Friends For Life--the organization. On-Line. Available http//www.friends-for-life.demon.co.uk/. Search Internet. Lerch , Randy. The Pro Death Penalty Pages. On-line Available http//www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/8169/. Search Internet. January 31, 1997. Lewin, Tamar. Punishable By Death Who Decides Who Will Die? New York Times . New York SIRS 1995 Corrections. 1995. Sowell, Thomas. The Death Penalty Is an Effective Deterrent. The Dea th Penalty Opposing Viewpoints .CaliforniaGreenhaven Press, 1997. Steamer, Robert J. Furman vs. Georgia. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1995. Appendix A. New York SIRS 1995 Corrections. 1995.

Free Essays on A Dolls House: An Essay :: Dolls House essays

A Doll planetary house A Doll House was one of Henrik Ibsens most controversial puzzle outs. He wrote this realistic play in 1879. Ibsens writing demeanor of realism was clearly shown in this play. This play was controversial at the time it was written, shocking conservative readers. But, at the same time, the play served as a rallying point for supporters of a drama with different ideas. Towards the end of the ordinal century, the Art Nouveau style became an international movement. For the first time in decorative arts history there was a simultaneous movement throughout atomic number 63 and America. Art Nouveau brought the finest designers and craftsmen together in order to design buildings, furniture, wallpaper, fabrics, ceramics, metalwork and glasswork. Art Nouveau was considered more than a style, it was a philosophy. From this philosophy carefully designed articles for the home were designed intended to fit into the scheme of the whole Art Nouveau style. Line was the mos t important aspect of the Art Nouveau period. Art Nouveau was a rebellion against machine make articles of the 19th century that were copies of past designs. Art Nouveau was also a reaction against the old Victorian tradition. Art Nouveau designers borrowed from the past but because of the emphasis on beginning and adaptation of natural forms to design. Art Nouveau is easily distinguishable from any other period in decorative arts. In conjunction with Art Nouveau style, the Edwardian style of costume and dress was also implemented during this time period. The Edwardian style embodied both extravagance and pageantry. A Doll House was a play written well ahead of its time. This play was written in a time when it was considered an outrage for a woman such as Nora not exclusively to display a mind of her own, but also to leave her husband in order to obtain her freedom. This play relates to the Art Nouveau and Edwardian period because bonny as the furniture and clothing were conside red decorative pieces, so were women. Women were expected only to tend to the husbands and childrens needs. Women were not supposed to do anything without first consulting the husband and certainly neer do anything without his prior knowledge and approval. Women were expected to be at home and always looking presentable for their husbands. *Please note all visual elements for this condition paper can be viewed at the conclusion of this project.

Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay: Stream of Consciousness

Stream of Consciousness in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is a uniquely styled piece of literature. In this poem Eliot employs a literary method of writing called stream of consciousness. This is a difficult method to grasp outside of the literary genre to attempt to look it within the context of the higher language of poetry can further confuse readers. Stream of consciousness is simply how our brain thinks. Perhaps as the instructor reads through this poem we hear the word Mermaid. Our minds see the singing mermaids on the rocks in Jason and the Argonauts and then jump to Peter Pan and from Peter Pan to bloody shame Poppins. The idea of stream of consciousness is comparable to channel surfing there are no logical traceable transitions. We simply switch from one intimacy/idea to the next. This is idea of stream of consciousness is seen in the manner in which the author sets the poem. First he places the reader in sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells (Eliot, Longman 2418 l.7) and...

Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay: Stream of Consciousness

Stream of Consciousness in The complete Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is a uniquely styled piece of literature. In this poem Eliot employs a literary method of writing called stream of spirit. This is a difficult method to image outside of the literary genre to attempt to understand it within the context of the higher language of poetry can further confuse readers. Stream of consciousness is simply how our brain thinks. Perhaps as the teacher reads through this poem we hear the word Mermaid. Our minds see the singing mermaids on the rocks in Jason and the Argonauts and then part to Peter Pan and from Peter Pan to Mary Poppins. The idea of stream of consciousness is comparable to channel surfing there are no synthetic traceable transitions. We simply switch from one thing/idea to the next. This is idea of stream of consciousness is seen in the manner in which the author sets the poem. First he places the reader in sawdust restaurants with o yster-shells (Eliot, Longman 2418 l.7) and...

Elementary, Middle and Highschool Boy-Girl Relationship Essay

Is it too soon to talk about son/girl family relationships in elementary school? Of course it is, you produce Well, you may not want to hear about it, or you may choose denial over reality, but the fact remains that children are playing out the cultural role that they are existence taught as early as 2nd grade. Therefore, the relationship between boys and girls at every school ( saviorian and non- Christian) is a topic that needs to be discussed from a Biblical standpoint. Recently I bring observed an increase in the level of interaction between any(prenominal)(a) of the boys and girls at the elementary school level with the boyfriend/girlfriend relationship in mind. There pee been some phone calls made and notes passed, and yet nonentity really serious has happened. Even so, the fallout from this kind of interest and behavior has been clearly get a linen, as some of the kids are rejecting others, breaking off friendships, and making who likes whom a focus of attention.The pattern becomes more sophisticated as it continues in the middle school years and is in full bloom by the time the children stool high school. I would like to attempt to persuade you that the elementary level of who likes whom, and the middle school level of who is going out with whom, are not plainly innocent and cute stages of life through which everyone mustiness go. As informed Christians professing to glorify the Lord in all things, we need to see if any(prenominal) of this behavior brings triumph to paragon and evaluate the effects of it on our kids. A brief look at the teenager dating model and its consequences result expose that it is the worlds model, not Christs, that we are so accustomed to. geological dating is more for a boy and a girl than tho spending time together. Its a lifestyle that involves attitudes and values. Its a heart thing Matthew 2237 says, And He said to him, You shall love the Lord your beau ideal with all your heart, and with all your soul , and with all your mind. The first love for our kids is to be Jesus.Our Creators plan for our lives is really what we should be directing our kids to focus on the capitulum end of man is to glorify God by enjoying Him forever Romantic male-female relationships are designed by God to be special and singular. The worlds model of dating is one in which you try out some opportunities until you find the one that makes you happy. This type of dating results in a pattern of some broken hearts and bad memories some of which are detrimental to the intimacy intended for marriage later in life. Interestingly, even the non Christian world is origin to realize that frequent dating is not reasoned. The following are excerpts from an article in the September 8, 2005 Wall Street Journal1 that cites two studies not written from a Christian worldview but nonetheless conclude * Teens who date a lot dont stir a higher likelihood of developing healthy adult relationships.Instead, their romances in their 20s are likely to be more troubled. * Teens who dated only one or a few people, and formed relationships of more than a few weeks, emerged in their 20s with closer and more-trusting romantic ties than those who had more numerous and fleeting dates. * Unmarried teen girls who settled down with just one partner at 16 or 17- and were still unmarried at 21- are more likely to be eventually married by ages 22-25. Many, including Christians and non Christians, think that dating is just part of the teenage experience. However, putting adolescent boys and girls together leads not only to the emotional experiences that often tear at our childrens hearts but similarly to sexual experimentation. Think back to your teen years were you told by a boyfriend or girlfriend in your teen years that he/she love you? Did he/she eventually marry you? Where did that relationship lead? God wants us to act and think differently.These are matters of the heart. Philippians 19-10 says, And it is my p rayer that your love may break open more and more, with knowledge and all discernment, so that you may approve what is excellent, and may be pure and blameless for the day of Christ. The goal for most kids in boy/girl relationships is that they are primarily interested in what they are going to get out of the relationship. Sometimes popularity, comfort or pleasure is what a teen gains emotionally or physically. Thats not the kind of love that God would have us live out. Thats choosing what feels honest for self rather than what is good for others and pleases God. Parents must be honest and Biblically discerning about the real motivation that lies behind the thoughts and actions of our children. Do love and sincerity motivate the boys in these relationships? Matthew 2239 says, And a second is like it, you shall love your neighbor as yourself.There is a great intensity on the subject entitled I Kissed geological dating Goodbye, written by Joshua Harris. I have little space here, s o I will make a few points and urge you to buy the book. The book is about waiting and preparation, and it debunks and rejects the typical idea of dating and applies a Biblical grid to it. You dont have to agree with all of his points, but it would fit you to yield a good look at them. Josh Harris says, Lets not do what feels good, but instead do what is good. He encourages us to look at all of the damage caused by typical worldly dating in the lives of teens and to replace that energy and time with a time of cerebrate preparation for all of life, including preparing for the special relationship of marriage.The book challenges our teens to realize they have no business taking other persons heart if they are not ready to make a lifelong commitment to that person. He says that if you really love someone, youll be interested in that special persons long-term needs rather than your short-term desires. He exhorts the teen to look at the big picture serving others and glorifying God. That way, the person is positioned to receive Gods best for them. God has something better for a teen than futile worldly dating I have two lists for you from the Josh Harris book that are without the hike explanation that is needed, but due to lack of space, youll just have to get the book to learn more. The seven habits of highly defective dating are1. geological dating leads to intimacy, but not necessarily commitment. 2. Dating tends to skip the friendship stage of the relationship. 3. Dating often mistakes a physical relationship for love. 4. Dating often isolates a couple from other vital relationships. 5. Dating, in many cases, distracts young adults from their primary responsibility of preparing for the future. 6. Dating digest cause discontentment with Gods boon of singleness. 7. Dating creates an artificial environment for evaluating another persons character. If you are like me, you read those and said amen, Ive done that before and amen, I see that over and over agai n. Now here is the refreshing Christian view five important new attitudes 1. Every relationship is an opportunity to model Christs love. 2. My unmarried years are a gift from God.3. Intimacy is the reward of commitment I dont need to pursue a romantic relationship before I am ready for marriage. 4. I cannot own someone outside of marriage. 5. I will avoid situations that could compromise the virtue of my body or mind. Some of you wont agree. Some of you agree but are saying, My child would never go for this. You are absolutely right. If they have been trained by the world to think like a worldling, they will not want to kiss dating goodbye. But, you are the produce, so.. be the parent I cant tell you how often parents tell me what their child will or will not do, so thats what they (the parents) do. We parents have to take a stand for the Lord and teach the tough things that need to be taught God will honor that. Some of you are happy that you dont have teens yet, so you think yo u dont have to be concerned. Wrong The reason that we are struggling with our teens and worldly dating and relationship views isbecause of what they have been taught since Kindergarten.How foolish is it of us parents to allow our child to be taught worldly thinking about male/female relationships and then go to God when our child is 16 years old to beg that He will help our child behave like a Christian when he/she is alone God will not be mocked Boys must be taught that they are not to get physical with the girls and that, instead, girls are to be honored and respected. Little things such as holding open a door or helping carry something for a girl are proper and good. The children need to be taught that having an opposite sex relationship is something that is for later in life as you get ready for marriage something that is also extraordinarily special to people and to God. Boys and girls calling each other on the phone (especially in elementary school) is inappropriate in most cases.We need to teach that people are not possessions that you can trade. Instead, we need to teach them to present real love to one another by helping one another to succeed where they are in life (a student) and to honor God. What are our kids being taught through what they see and hear daily? What are they watching on TV? How about the movies? You and I both know that women are often portrayed as sex objects and trophies. What about at home? Dads, do you treat your wife as the queen of the household? Do your kids see you treating her with great palm and affection? Do you realize that everything they see is teaching them how to treat their wives one day? Every year of our lives we are learning and recording permanent records in our minds. I played the worldly relationship and dating game when I was young and things may seem to have worked out OK. My wife and I have been married for 27 years and have a great marriage but there is more to the story than what you see.Frankly, I am ashamed of many things that I have recorded in my memory regarding male/female relationships from many years ago before I was married. I have prayed that God would remove some of those memories, and He has been gracious, but some remain. In Gods purposes, He often allows us to experience and remember things so we can learn from them and pass the lessons on to others. If you went through the same pattern of worldly dating when you were young, you dont have to pass it on. You can start afresh with your children. By Gods grace, you have the power to go against the tide of our culture and raise up children who are truly happy and bring glory to God.We have great promises from God that He will be faithful if we will trust and obey Him. I hope that this article has given you some food for thought. Better yet, I hope that you have been convinced that boy/girl relationships in the third, fourth, or fifth grade are yet another battleground for the spiritual struggle for our kids hearts. In life, the devil is not kept out of your childs life by locking a door. We must get after him with all weve got and then root out the unbiblical thinking in our kids. 1Shellenbarger, Sue (2005) The Case for Going Steady Studies Say Teen Dating Habits Affect Marriage Skills. Wall Street Journal, 9/8/2005.

Native Americans in “The Pearl” by John Steinbeck Essay

Steinbecks The free fall is one of his most intriguing pieces. Steinbeck manages to fit many divergent ideas into a short novella that is under a hundred pages. However, what makes The Pearl truly a great book is his critique of colonial society, and the interaction of endemic Ameri posteriors and colonists. Steinbeck emphasizes the differences surrounded by the colonists and the native Indians by using such symbols as the relationship between town and village, gentility, and instinct. Steinbeck besides shows that he views changing ones station, or attempting to, as foolish and impossible, exactly that trying to is needed to provide an example for others.Steinbeck practice sessions the differences between town and village as a metaphor for the differences between the colonists and the essential Americans. Steinbeck shows how he uses the stark differences between the huts of the innate Americans and the grand villas of the colonists in the following quoteThey came to the pla ce where the brush houses stopped and the metropolis of stone and plaster began, the city of harsh outer walls and inner cool gardens where a little water played and the bougainvillea crusted where walls with purple and brick-red and white. (Steinbeck, pg. 8)In this quote, Steinbeck emphasizes the stark difference between the village, do of simple materials, and the town, made of expensive materials. Steinbeck in like manner uses the towns buildings as a metaphor for the people deep down, as Steinbeck describes the buildings as having harsh outer walls, but having inner cool gardens. This could be a metaphor for the people within the building, portraying the people inside them as, at once, very kind and nice, but except once those walls had been let down. This shows the colonists as world very xenophobic, and being kind to their own race but harsh to other races.Steinbeck reinforces the idea that the colonists were animated remediate than the autochthonic Americans in the fo llowing quoteThe procession left the brush houses and entered the stone and plaster city where the streets were a little wider and there was a delimit pavement beside the buildings. (Steinbeck, pg. 47)Steinbeck shows that the primeval Americans saw the colonists living conditions as let out than theirs, and that the streets were a little wider, which could be seen as a commentary for most things, and that in most things, what the colonists lived a little better.Steinbeck here tells us, and when combined with the quote above, the colonists are living better than the Native Americans. Because the colonists have plenty of resources, and the Native Americans are not living in the luxury of the colonists, it indicates an unfair share of wealth, which is oddly skewed in the favor of the colonists. This reinforces the already presented idea that the colonists are, overall, living better than the Native Americans.Steinbecks following way to differentiate between the colonists and the Na tive Americans is using their instinctual actions. Steinbeck shows that the colonists and Native Americans are instinctively different, therefrom he attempts to give an excuse, or perhaps a reason, for the differences between them, and their outcomes. Steinbeck explores into the instinctual differences between the Native Americans and the colonists in the following quotesThere was sorrow in kinos rage, but this last thing had tightened him beyond breaking. He was an savage now, for hiding, for attacking, and he lived scarce to protect himself and his family despite his need for a canoe,never once did it occur to him to take one of the canoes of his neighbor. (Steinbeck, pg. 42)He could kill the doctor more slow than he could talk to him, for all of the doctors race radius to all of Kinos race as though they were simple animals. (Steinbeck, pg. 9)Once again, we can see the recurring theme that the Native Americans have belong whatever the colonists mold them to be, and as seen in the second quote, Steinbeck says that the doctors race spoke to all of Kinos race as though they were simple animals, and Steinbeck says in the first quote that Kino was an animal now. This shows that Kino, and his people as a whole, have become what the colonists have made them, and that they have become whatever the colonists wished them to be. This shows that the colonists control every facet of Native American life, and that anything that they want to be done depart be done.Steinbeck shows that the colonists have been raised with the instinctive belief that they were above the Native Americans, and that they were better than the Native AmericansHave I got nothing better to do than cure insect bites for little Indians? I am a doctor, not a veterinary. (Steinbeck,pg. 11)This shows that the doctor theory that the Indians were animals, and because of the fact that the colonists have been molding the Indians beliefs, the Indians thought that they were animals, perhaps resulting in the instinctive animal behavior. Steinbeck says in the previous quote that the colonists treated Kinos race like that, so perhaps it has become an instinctual reaction to the oppression of the colonists.Steinbeck says that Kino was an animal who lived only to protect himself and his family, showing that he did it as an instinctive defense, and that he only becomes an animal to protect his family. Steinbeck also emphasizes that Kino becomes his animal assumed name only when he needs to hide or protect himself. This shows that Kinos people have developed this as a natural defense, and its use is only for defense. This also shows that his people developed it for need of defense, and that continual need of protection is the only reason such a protection would be needed, and there is only one source for this continuous onslaught, and that is the colonists.Steinbeck also goes so far as to say that the instinctive animal that Kino becomes retains all of the qualities that Kino retains, even so far as his lack of will to steal from his own kind. This shows that Kinos alias does not explore survival of Kino as a person, but Kinos race as a whole. He is unwilling to take from his people, as his alias is unwilling to damage itself. If his alias is for the protection of a whole radical of people, then they must be under attack from a large group of people, giving us the structure of the assumption that the colonist society persecutes the Native Americans and the Native Americans have developed instincts for their protection.the strangers came with argument and authority and gunpowder to back up both. And in the four hundred years since, Kinos people had learned only one defense- a beautiful slitting of the eyes and a slight tightening of the lips and a retirement. Nothing could break down this wall, and they could remain whole within the wall. (Steinbeck, pg. 17)In this quote Steinbeck shows another instinct, reclusion behind an inner shell, the creation of which ha s been directly colligate to the coming of colonist society. However,this reaction shows more of the actual standpoint of the Native American society, as reactive, and unable to be proactive. This reactivity means that the situation will remain the same, and if this was the way that Kinos ancestors were and will be, then this situation will remain the same until stopped by outside intervention.This also shows that the Native American society has chosen to preserve itself within their shell, and to submit outside of it. Whenever attacked outside of the shell, they shelter inside their shell of refusal to change, as shown in the above quote. This results in the situation remaining a perfect clone of the situation that it was when it started, resulting in continuing colonist oppression. If the only place that they can take refuge is within personal shell, then they cannot control anything outside their shell, and they are therefore powerless outside their shell.The colonist society, a s a whole, exerts their control over the Native American population using the yoke of education.This is our one chance our son must break out of the pot that holds us in. (Steinbeck, pg. 103)Steinbeck here shows what that the Native Americans see lack of education as a pot that holds us in. This also shows that they do not get any chances to learn, for if they did, then they would have more than one chance. As the only way they can learn is to be taught by an educated person, and the only educated people are the colonists, the colonists must be withholding education. This shows that the colonists might be intentionally trying to keep the Native Americans in their pot. It is also interesting that this pot is probably the same as the shell that the Native Americans hide in.He did not know, and perhaps this doctor did. And he could not take the chance of pitting his certain ignorance against this mans possible knowledge. He was trapped as his people were always trapped, and would be un til they could be sure that the things in the books were really in the books. (Steinbeck, pg. 76)This shows an example of how the colonists use education to control the Native American population. He was trapped as hispeople were always trapped, and would be untilthey could be sure that the things in the books were really in the books. This specific sub-phrase shows how his people trusted the books as undeviating sources, information that the colonists must have planted.If the colonists planted the knowledge that the books were reliable, being the only people who could read the books, anything and everything that they said about the books, if not a lie, was true. And as the Native Americans did not know when people were lying, anything that a colonist said could be definitely accurate, or a lie. The risk seemed too much and the Native Americans commonly did as they said, as Kino does, because they are afraid of matching their certain ignorance against the colonists possible knowle dge.Steinbeck also continually shows that the colonists use their control of religion, through their knowledge of education, as another way of controlling the Native American populace.It was a good idea, but it was against religionThe loss of the pearls was a punishment visited on those who tried to consecrate their station. And the father made it clear that each man and woman isa soldier sent by god to guard some partof the human race.But each one must remain faithful to his post and must not go running about, else the castle is in danger from the assaults of Hell. (Steinbeck, pg. 42)This shows that the colonists use their knowledge of religion, due to their reading ability, to keep the Native Americans thinking that they are doing Gods will, or, if they believe otherwise, do so out of fear of being incorrect. The colonists tell the Native Americans that they have to stay in their current position in life, living as poor peasants who treat the colonists as royalty, because that t hat is Gods will. Because the Native Americans are unsure of what is correct, they take what is, to them, the safer approach, by doing as the colonists say.The colonists also bring in faith, by saying that if they are not faithful to their post, and thus not faithful to their religion, which would be considered blasphemy by the religious Native Americans, then they would be in danger of the attack from the assaults of hell, which could beinterpreted as going to hell, which the religious Native Americans would be very afraid of.I heard him make that sermonhe makes it every year.This shows that the colonists try to keep the Native Americans in line, and that it is, again, a group effort and that the entire colonist community works as one in achieving their goal, the exploitation of the Native American society. This also shows that they do this repeatedly, and probably have for been using the same methods for centuries. This also shows that this oppression is not a one-time thing, and that it is a continuous, calculated, malicious oppression of a race.Steinbeck has shown throughout The Pearl his opinions on the differences between the colonists and the Native Americans by showing their relationship, as the type of relationship is based upon the differences of its members. Steinbeck shows this through the differences between town and village, instinct, and education. Steinbeck portrays the colonists as aggressive, abusive, and manipulative throughout the book, especially towards the Native Americans. The Native Americans are portrayed as obedient, acknowledgeable, and living as underlings for the colonist society.The Pearl by John Steinbeck. The Viking Press & William Heinemann, 1947. ISBN 0-14-017737-X

Life of Bob Marley

Gabrielle Coelho ENC 1101 Informative Essay phellem Marley Who are you to judge the life I live, I bash Im not perfect and I dont live to be, but before you point fingers make sure your hands are clean, one of my favorite bobsleigh Marley quotes I know it by heart. This quote is perfect to me because I know Im not perfect and I dont allow anybody to judge my lifestyle or decisions peculiarly if they have or made the same or worse decisions. I grew up listening to Bob Marleys music because of my dad. Nobody loves reggae or Bob Marley much than my dad.So ever since Ive been little Ive had a love for Bob Marley. Bob Marley, born Robert Nesta Marley, is a singer, song writer and musician. He was the most widely known reggae performing artist and was a great aid in spreading Jamaican music and the Rastafari movement. Marley first began his career as the lead singer of the music band Bob Marley and the Wailers, making songs such as I Shot the Sheriff and Get Up Stand Up which are sti ll known today. The Wailers later broke up while each of the members continued to pursue solo careers.Marley later had his first international hit, outside of Jamaica No Woman No Cry. Marley was likewise actually much involved with the social and political issues going on in Jamaica. He held rallies and free concerts, which some turned violent where Marley was shot, but fully vulcanised after. Bob Marley had many children two from is wife Rita Anderson, two adopted from Ritas previous relationship and several others from different women, according to the Bob Marley official website. Bob also has many grandchild, a few I personally know myself from middle school.Most of Marleys children and grandchildren reside in Miami now. Bob Marley continued to make the best lyrical and powerful reggae music, with songs like One Love, Jamming and Redemption Song. In July 1977, Marley discovered a type of melanoma under his toe, which was a symptom of already existing cancer. Doctors told Marl ey that he should get his toe amputated, but refused because of his religious beliefs. Despite his illness Marley continued on with his world tour up until his final appearing in at the Stanley theater in Pittsburg.Marley became truly ill and the cancer spread through out his body. After fighting the cancer for eight months without succeeder Marley died on the morning of May 11, 1981, in the Cedars of Lebanon hospital in Miami. All in all, Bob Marley introduced the world to the mystic power of reggae. His influential music is love by everybody all over the world. His music was educational, lyrical and very positive. Bob Marley always stood up for what he believed him which is why I adore him too. Marley is still very popular after his death and his legacy still lives on today.

Business Studies †Recruitment Essay

The purpose of the be restoredment and selection extremity is to acquire a suit able number of employees with appropriate skills, in order to meet the man power exigencys of the organisation. It is in the interests of the firm to achieve this goal at a lower limit cost in terms of both time and resources.Businesses use several standard documents in the recruitment process, below be some of the key funding used by line of workes during recruitment.Authority to recruit Once it is established that there is a want to fill a vacant post, managers need to know whether there is sufficient budget to cover the cost of the vacancy, although McDonalds are a large comp whatever they will obtain budgets for all their costs, this includes having a cash limits on recruiting as individually employee costs 130 to train, this means authority to fill the post must be given before the recruitment process. chisel DescriptionsA course description should be created for every traffic role. Thi s document should set out the overall purpose of the job and the key tasks and responsibilities of the post.Structure and components of a job descriptionComponentFunctionJob TitleThis should be a short descriptive title that explains the nature of the job, such as customer service adjunct or senior team leader.PurposeUsually a one sentence summary of why the role exists for example, to provide customer service take for to retail sales team.Key TasksThese should be specific activities and described clearly using action words for example, to co-ordinate, calculate and produce sales reports.Scope Of The utilizationGives the boundary of responsibility that is, who the job holder is responsible to, and who they are responsible for. This section should overly list any budgetary responsibilities.Special RequirementsSpecific requirements such as shift r flexible action patterns, travelling requirements, essential languages and professional qualifications.A individual specification is not a legal requirement scarce will be useful when writing a job advertisement and defining the qualities you are guessing for in a candidate. Include the knowledge, gravel and skills you would like them to have, separating those which are essential for the job from those which are desirable. Its essential not to discriminate. A person specification describes the requirements a job holder necessarily to be able to perform the job satisfactorily. These are likely to include Education and qualifications Training and experience Personal attributes / qualitiesA job description describes the job a person specification describes the person needed to do the job. A person specification can, therefore, form the basis for the selection of the most suitable person to fill the job.All job advertisements should be consistent with the job description and the person specification, which should be prepared well in advance before any position is advertised. All advertisements should be worded t o attract suitable candidates who match the essential job and person criteria, and should provide a positive public image of the business.A business needs to make sure it attracts a sufficient number of suitably qualified applicants to apply for the job. So it needs to advertise in the mature places. One of the key decisions a business like McDonalds needs to make is whether to restrict the job to internal or to invite applications from heap outside the company. at that place are benefits in keeping recruitment in house it is cheaper, it can be good for provide morale, and all applicants will already be acquainted(predicate) with the business. However, by looking for external applicants, companies will be able to dumbfound from a much wider pool of talent and, obviously, all businesses need fresh fall at some stage.Below shows the options for advertising vacancies a company like McDonalds whitethorn use.Internal AdvertisementsExternal AdvertisementsOn Company Notice boardsNe wspapers Local Or NationalIn A Company News earnContact with schools, colleges and universitiesIn A Internal Vacancy BulletinSpecialist MagazinesOn The Premises In he Form Of A PosterJob CentresE-mail To All ( Or Selected ) StaffInternet Company WebsiteRecruitment AgenciesRecruitment Or Job FairsRadio And Television AdvertisementsA job advertisement for McDonalds should include* Job title and job description* Title and description of the organisation* Location of the work and any travel involved* Type of person required (qualifications/experience* Pay, conditions, benefits ( to be competitive and make the post appealing )* How to apply ( such as a complete application form, send in CV and letter of application )* Timescale (closing date for receipt of applications).The advert could also include other stuff that might attract a wider net of suitable candidates. For example, it might briefly outline the philosophy of the organisation, its positive attitude to disabled people, or it s commitment to family warm policies.In general, the advert should be presented so that it captures reader attention, arouses interest in the company, creates desire and incites readers to action. A good advertisement will attract prospective candidates but deter those who would be unsuitable to meet the specifications of the job. It is also essential that the job advert conforms with equal opportunities legislation.There are several different methods used by businesses to compile a short list of candidates. Most typically, applicants are asked to return curriculum vitae (CV), a completed application form or a letter of application. Sometimes they are asked to supply two, and occasionally all three, of these different means of job application.These applications are consequently used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of applicants, which allow the business to draw up a short list to go through to the final stage of the selection process.At this point, there is a further piece of recruitment documentation used within the interview process a form of recording and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each candidate during the interview. This is considered as part of an in depth look at interview techniques. The whole interview process is very important for McDonalds because they want their organisation to attract and recruit the highest calibre people available.Having recruited them its life-and-death that McDonalds and so go on to develop and motivate them, meaning they can perform to their highest potentiality.McDonalds are keen to give recognition to their staff and reward them according, this then motivates them to work harder and achieve more with McDonalds, this is done by great(p) them a employee discount card, they also give them service awards every 3, 5, 10, 20 years you have stayed with McDonalds, each time they will get something special, such as a holiday trip, more time off work, McDonalds will then hope that this contrivance will keep employees on board for many years, as theres always something else for the employee to achieve, having employees stay longer for McDonalds is also a priority so for them, this is because it saves a lot of money as they dont have to go through the recruiting and training process, for employees to stay longer they will try to recruit friends or family members of existing employees.Another scheme they use to give recognition and to motivate staff is employee of the month / year awards. This rewards consistent hard workers by giving extended holidays and by also mouldting their name, picture and McDonalds location on a plaque with other contenders for the award, McDonalds know there are other closely foods stores potential employees could join, so thats the reason why McDonalds offer competitive pay and benefits to their staff, for instance in the first year alone McDonalds offer 3 pay reviews, so if a member of staff has excelled they will get an pay rise as an incentive to wor k, added to this they also get a clubby healthcare and free life assurance after 1 year.At McDonalds the staff can become bored due to the repetitiveness of the work, therefore McDonalds need to ensure that their employees are motivated and there is good morale, otherwise they can potentially suffer of poor execution, as a result poor performance can lose the business a lot of money and may deter customers away from there break up. So to make sure employees are quick with their job McDonalds may consider introducing job rotation to the member of staff if they feel he/she is capable. E.g. more outgoing people are more accommodate to working on the tills and checking over customers, while less talkative or those who can handle pressure are better suited to working in the kitchen area.Motivating staff isnt just about incentives, it has much to do with the way employers treat and manage staff.Give your staffPurposeResponsibility charge staff to carry out decision making within the job role. Delegate control and responsibility to the team leaders or supervisors for managing their team.GoalsProvide the staff with clear goals that are both challenging and achievable.ResourcesEnsure staffs are provided with the resources they need to carry out their work potently.SupportProvide support for to the staff, including training and centering with open and frank communication.VarietyThe very spice of life McDonalds should give there staff some element of variety to avoid boredom in their work.FairnessIts important the branch manager is seen to be fair paying attentioned.Regular talk timeThrough talking on a fixture basis, the manager will soon be alerted to any issues that may affect the staffs short term performance.EncouragementEncouragement to the staff to put forward their ideas and suggestions are important, as this enables the staff to feel that the managers trust them and their opinions.Maslows hierarchy of needsIn 1935 Abraham Maslow identified five categorie s of human needs* physiologic needs (basic life supporting needs such as food and water)* Needs for safety and security (such as a stable, predictable and ordered environs without fear)* Social needs (such as the need for social interaction belonging to a family or group)* Needs for recognition and esteem (such as the approval and respect of others influence an power over others)* Needs for self realisation (in order to develop as a person fulfil ones potential and achieve ones goal)Although outdated, it is accurate and there is a lot of comparisons to this and how McDonalds operate, for instance McDonalds will try to recruit friends of the family or relatives because it creates a sense of acquaintance amongst the workers, furthermore McDonalds take their staff on monthly outings to socialise such as going bowling or to the pub, this allows the staff to get to know each other better hence creating a bond between them all.PEST factors are an important part of the recruitment proces s and has made the whole process more effective, politically transplants in legislation, change in policies, may effect how McDonalds can recruit people, for instance there may be a change in the minimum age if it happened to rise, this means McDonalds would lose a large percentage of their employees and would have to spend a lot of money in hiring and recruiting impudently staff. Mirroring this the maximum age might increase, allowing McDonalds to take on more experienced workers. There may also be Trade restrictions and tariffs which limit how much the business is able to buy and sell, this may result in a reduction of staff if McDonalds have to lower their trading levels, furthermore McDonalds will have to line up their recruitment process to the changes of the minimum wage, if this slowly increases then it may result in McDonalds recruiting a lower add of staff, to make up for the money deep in thought(p) in the wage rise.Economic factor cause the change in employment figur es, change in disposable income, changes in lifestyle, for instance if a branch is in an area where the cost of hiving is high, they may have less money to spend on take away food, and opt for cooking at home, which is broadly speaking cheaper. Additionally if there is a brand saucily food store opening close by, McDonalds may face fierce competition from them, because the public in general enjoy trying new things, they may find themselves becoming bored of McDonalds and opt for going to the new store for lunch instead, this can then result if a loss of income for a branch which may result in a cut of staff, however to counteract this McDonalds regularly create new meals, to keep customer interest and provide the public with a verity, for instance recently health has been brought up as a concern for McDonalds with a objective called super size me highlighting the effect of eating fast food on a regular basis, as a result McDonalds has increased the amount of salads and nutritiona l wags, and have scrapped the super size meal.Additionally if Interest rates are increased in a certain area, it may mean result in short shortages, or McDonalds offer a lower basic wage to their staff, however in an area where the average nursing home income is high, McDonalds may have to increase their basic wage to match other stores locally, to attract employees.Social factor effects peoples trends, family, culture, demographics, qualifications, for example if people are looking for healthier food, because McDonalds burgers has been in the media getting stick, its likely people will avoid McDonalds, during this period McDonalds may need to create a menu with more healthier foods such as salad, to help get back the customers, if McDonalds are getting a lower income they may have to cut atomic reactor on their employee numbers. McDonalds may also look to open a store in an area where there has been a sign of an increase in the macrocosm growth rate this will not only create jo bs for locals, but also be profitable for McDonalds. They will also stone pit areas where there is a high proportion of their target audience which is generally younger people with a reasonable amount of disposable income.Technological effects the advances in equipment, improved technology, news ways of working, this means when recruiting McDonalds may prefer taking on younger employees as in general they are able to work with and learn how to use computers and more technological equipment better then the older generation are.This technological revolution means a faster supervene upon of information beneficial for businesses as they can react quickly to changes within their operating environment. Those businesses, which are slow to react, will fall at the first fewer hurdles. Furthermore The Internet is having a profound impact on the strategy of organisations, no more so than McDonalds. McDonalds use their website to get the message across to their customers that they are health y, all the nutritional values are available, as well as a section on how to stay healthy, their website is typically designed to attract their target audience.Interview Assessment FormMarking CriteriaMrs CarverMr CheckettsAppearance8/106/10Attitude9/104/10Personality8/105/10Education8/107/10Experience10/108/10Career Goals8/104/10How they handled the stress of the interview10/103/10Skills7/106/10Aptitude9/105/10For the poster to stand out its important that its bright and attractive, rather than using a white circumstance I opted for using an image of the outside of a McDonalds store so people can straight away tell what it is, the big bright M, also grabs the attention of viewers, whilst gives the poster an identity. McDonalds Recruiting is in large Green Font so it stands out, its also on a yellow background, otherwise the text would be to hard to read against the image, the details of the job description and location is underneath so applicants are able to apply.Beneath this is t wo images, one showing the placeable Ronald McDonald and a member of staff with a smiling customer, this gives the business a good image, as well say showing McDonalds operates around a affectionate and cheerful atmosphere. The next image is the writing McDonalds against a scenic background, this stands out as its a contrast to the rest of the poster. However its effective as its attractive and relaxing, which is important, as its a generally busy looking poster.

Further Reflections on the Public Sphere Essay

The text is about relationship of state and civil club, the origins of and prospects for democracy and the impact of the media. A kind of rethinking of Habermas outset major work, The Structural Transformation of the state-supported flying field published in 1962 and translated into English in 1989 which describes the development of a conservative popular knowledge base in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as well as its subsequent decline. Habermas admits, his theory has changed since then and he reminds readers of these changes.1.The Genesis and Concept of the Bourgeois Public SphereThe universal sphere (ffentlichkeit ) is an area in mixer life (standing in- in the midst of esoteric individuals and government authorities) where individuals nates carry out to freely discuss earthly concern matters, change views and knowledge and through that discussion influence political perform. A vibrant public sphere serves as a positive takeweight to government auth orities (are out of the state control) and happens physically in face-to-face meetings in coffee houses and public squares as well as in books, theatre etc.The public sphere emerged first in Britain and in the 18th century in Continental Europe. The newspapers, reading rooms, freemasonry lodges and coffeehouses marked the gradual emergence of the public sphere.Habermas mentions Geoff Eleys protestation to his earlier depiction of bourgeois public sphere is an reckond conception. Habermas admits now the coexistence of several competing public spheres and groups, that were excluded form the dominant public sphere the so called plebian public sphere (like Jacobins, Chartist movement). Habermas influenced here by Guenter Lottes and greatly by Mikhail Bakhtin, who opened his eyes to the culture of common people as a violent counter project to the dominant public sphere. Habermas now views quite differently the exclusion of women as well.Habermas asks himself were women excluded from the dominant public sphere in the same fashion as the common people? He answers himself with no the exclusion of women had structuring significance, as it was happening not only in the public sphere, but also in the private sphere.At the end of this chapter Habermas summons up his bourgeois public sphere was formerly conceived too rigidly. In fact, from the very beginning a dominant bourgeois public collided with a plebeian (and female) one. As a result, the contrast between the early public sphere and the todays decayed public sphere is no longer so deep.2.The Structural Transformations of the Public Sphere Three RevisionsThis chapter traces the transition from the self-aggrandizing bourgeois public sphere to the modern mass order of the social welfare state. Starting in the 1830s, a transformation of state and economy took shape. Clear borderlines between public and private and between state and society became blurred, as a result of interventionist state policies. The increasi ng re-integration and entwining (msen se) of state and society resulted in the modern social welfare state.In the subchapter 1 Habermas deals with the impact of these developments on the private sphere. Civil society was formerly totally private, there was no difference between social and family life. This changes with the emancipation of lower strata (workers), a polarization of social and intimate sphere arrives. Habermas describes a dispute among two schools in the 1950s, that of conservative Carl Schmitt school (and Ernst Fortshoff) and Marxist Wolfgang Abendroth, that influenced his considerations at that time, though today he distances himself from his approach.In the subchapter 2 Habermas is concerned with changes in the structure of the public sphere and in the composition and behavior of the public. The infrastructure of the public sphere has changed due to changes in media, advertising and lit that has become oriented to new social groups (workers) as well as due to the co llapse of the liberal associational life. Since the 1960s, when Habermas book was published, the opportunities for access to public intercourse became even more difficult.The public sphere is today dominated by the mass media., which turned the critical public into a passive consumer public and caused a decay of the public sphere. Nevertheless, Habermas says his old concept of a unilinear development from a culture-debating to a culture-consuming public was too simplistic and pessimistic. Habermas explains this by general situation of media effects studies at that time he relied on Lazarsfelds behavioristic research and had no information brought later by Stuart Hall (audience does not simply passively accept a text).Subchapter 3 deals with the legitimation process of mass democracy and two diverging concepts of public opinion an in orchis, nonpublic opinion and a formal quasi public opinion (made by mass media), that often collide.3.A Modified Theoretical FrameworkThe mass demo cracies constituted as social-welfare states can continue the principles of the liberal constitutional state only as long as they try to live up to the mandate of a public sphere that fulfills political functions. It is required to demonstrate how it may be possible for the public to set in motion a critical process of public communication. Habermas asks himself, weather there can emerge a general interest of the kind to which a public opinion can refer to as a criterion. Habermas could not resolve this trouble before. Today he is able to reformulate the question and give an answer.The ideals of bourgeois humanism function today as a utopian vision, which makes it tempting to idealize the bourgeois public sphere too much. Therefore Habermas suggests the foundations of the critical theory of society be laid at a deeper level and beyond the scepter of modern societies.In the 1960s Habermas believed that society and its self-organization was a totality (celek) controlling all sphere s of its life. This notion has become implausible today e.g. economic carcass of a society is regulated independently through markets. Later emerged his dual concept of society the internal subjective viewpoint of the lifeworld and the external viewpoint of the arrangement. The aim today as he sees it is to erect a dam against an encroachment (naruovn) of system on the lifeworld, to reach a balance between the social-integrative power of solidarity (lifeworld) and money + administrative power (system).Communicative action serves to transmit and renew cultural knowledge, in a process of achieving mutual understandings. It then coordinates action towards social integration and solidarity. This can be met in traditional societies. Less often in posttraditional societies with their confused pluralism of various competing forms of life. Habermas criticizes Rousseau for his utopian concept of the general allow of citizens in a democracy as a consensus of hearts rather than of argumen ts. Habermas sees the solution in the process of public communication itself.Therefore democracy is grow in public reasoning among equal citizens. State institutions are legitimate only when they establish a framework for free public deliberation (debata). much(prenominal) a rational debate is the most suitable procedure for resolving moral-practical questions as well. The question remains how such a debate can be institutionalized so that it bridges the gap between self-interest and orientation to the common good (between the roles of client (private) and citizen (public)). Such a debate must meet two preconditions presumption of impartiality and ability to transcend initial preferences. These conditions must be guaranteed by legal procedures (institutionalized) and they themselves shall be subject to the law. New institutions should be considered, that would corrupt the trend toward the transmutation of citizens into clients (i.e. toward alienation of citizens from the politica l process).Democracy shall be not restricted only to state institutional arrangements. They shall interplay with autonomous networks and groups with a spontaneous fly the coop of communication, that are the one remaining embodiment of the altogether dispersed sovereignty of the people. Democratic public life cannot develop where matters of public importance are not discussed by citizens. However, discourses do not govern the responsibility for practically consequential decisions must be based in an institution.4.Civil Society or Political Public SpherePolitical public sphere is characterized by two processes 1) the communicative generation of legitimate power 2) manipulative power of mass media. A public sphere need more than just state institutions it requires a populace accustomed to freedom and the supportive spirit of differentially organized lifeworlds with their critical formula and spontaneous communication voluntary unions outside the realm of the state and the economy (church, independent media, leisure clubs etc.) They are not part of the system, but they have a political impact, as was seen in totalitarian regimes, e.g. in the communist states of Eastern and Central Europe. In Western-type democracies these associations are established within the institutional framework of the state. Habermas asks himself the question, to what point such a public sphere dominated by mass media can bring about any changes. This can be answered only by means of empirical research.He concludes with reference to a study No Sense of Place by J.Meyrowitz, who claims that electronic media dissolve social structures and boundaries (like in primordial societies). Habermas disagrees new roles and constraints arise in the process of using electronic communication.

Cold War and US Diplomacy Essay

The John F. Kennedy administration encountered various situations in Latin America, Southeast Asia and Europe, as well as, other regions that required abrupt diplomatic efforts and initiatives amid increasing Cold War tensions. Kennedy had been passionate about the issues of war and peace since when he was young. In fact, Kennedys plan of flexible response managed by Robert McNamara was intended to minimize the occurrence of war caused by miscalculated diplomatic and military initiatives. The U. S. s successful handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis epitomizes the conflicting policy come up that John F.Kennedys administration took.The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 was a conflict with the Soviet confederation and Cuba on one side and the U. S on the other. The Cuban Missile Crisis is regarded as the closest the Cold War came to turning into a nuclear war (Byrne, 2006, p. 7). It is also one of the documented moments of the threat of mutual assured destruction (MAD). After getting pr oof of Soviet missile bases building in Cuba, the U. S thought about the idea of attacking Cuba through aerate and sea, but later arrived at a military quarantine of Cuba.U. S troops were at their highest state of readiness ever while Soviet bailiwick commanders based in Cuba were ready to use battlefield nuclear weapons to defend Cuba if it was attacked. Fortunately, courtesy of courage of two men, President John F. Kennedy and Prime Minister Nikita Khrushchev, rarified nuclear war was averted. After capturing proof that Cuban missile bases were under construction, Kennedy secretly held a meeting with the Executive Committee of the National Security Council (EXCOMM).He put on hold the military solution of the crisis, vigorously championed by the Joint Chiefs of Staffs, and instead decided to quarantine Cuba (Viotti, 1996, p. 104). On October 22, 1962 Kennedy informed the public about the crisis, declaring the quarantine and demanding removal of the Soviet Union. Kennedys inclina tion to a peaceful settlement of international disputes was best exemplified when a Soviet missile brought down a U-2 reconnaissance plane over Cuba, murdering the pilot Rudolf Anderson.On October 27, in a letter to Nikita Khrushchev, Kennedy gave a non-invasion promise for removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba. Luckily, on October 28th, 1962 Kennedy and Khrushchev signed a deal. The Soviet Union accepted to remove their missiles from Cuba in exchange for the U. S non-invasion promise and disarmament of PGM-19 Jupiter missiles in Turkey. By the time the deal was struck, all Jupiter missiles were considered to be out of use and had actually been replaced by missile-equipped U. S Navy Polaris subs they were however, removed in 1963.Diplomatic efforts spearheaded by President John F. Kennedy in union with Premier Nikita Khrushchev during the Cold War helped the U. S to avoid going to war with the communist Soviet Union. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a dangerous global credential situat ion equated to crisis such as the Berlin Blockade, the Yom Kippur War and the Suez Canal as one of the major conflicts of the Cold War. Avoiding the eminent nuclear war was a great execution for the U. S in her efforts to spearhead maintenance of international peace and security.Furthermore, it saved the international community from being doomed to a devastating humankindwide thermonuclear war even before the deep wounds of World War I and II dried up. After the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U. S and the Soviet Union political leaders recognized a mutual interest in deliberate and strategic arms limitations in order to avoid accidental or unintentional nuclear war and to prevent the spread of the deadly nuclear weapons (Cimbala, 2002, p. 8).During the 1960s, the vital Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963 and Direct Communications nexus (Hot Lines) for urgent situation discussions between the U.S and Russia heads of states were concluded. Deliberations between Washington D. C and Moscow ov er strategic arms limitation started during the Johnson administration continued during Nixon presidency and ended in the SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) covenant in 1972. The Cuban Missile Crisis indirectly reaffirmed the importance of peaceful settlement of disputes not only between the U. S and their rivals like the Soviet Union, but also between other countries in other parts of the world.This trend was particularly significant to the entire international community, which was still struggling to overcome effects of World War II. Diplomatic efforts used by Kennedys administration helped to save the worlds weak nations from being hurt by the likely thermonuclear war that would have erupted between the U. S and Soviet Union. In addition, it left both(prenominal) military and political global balance of power unaltered.In conclusion, for the U. S public, President John F. Kennedy showed commendable leadership talents, decision-making abilities, and conflict management kil ls. In fact, by November 1962, Kennedys management of the Cuban Missile Crisis was seen by most ordinary Americans as a major diplomatic victory for his administration and the nation at large (Viotti, 2005, p. 53). To a certain extent, the triumph of the diplomatic efforts adopted by Kennedy administration boosted public confidence in his regime particularly with regard to foreign relations initiatives at a time when Soviet Union communism was increasingly gaining ground and the nuclear weapons race getting out of hand.

Learning Team Assignment Essay

The objectives for week one and two were to evaluate individual characteristics of employees, analyze the impact of individual employee characteristics on organisational performance, determine management methods based on individual employee characteristics, determine strategies to motivate employees, and create effective organizational communication. Characteristics of an employee are very consequential to a manager. both(prenominal) of the class agreed on several characteristics such as job satisfaction, personality, and general perspectives that can turn in a large impact on an employees behavior. A manager has to use his or her skills to decipher between an employee going through a bad day or an employee who may be highly unhappy with the job he or she is doing. Preventing negative effects from employee characteristics are a must in any business. Managers can capitalize off the employees who have a positive, motivated attitude while at work. These types of workers should inter mix with the public to build good rapport with the community and the companys customers.Its important to pick out characteristics that are important on the job site, such as general attitude. Its also important to know that depending on the characteristics, thither are numerous factors that affect actual performance on the job site such as motivation, morals, priorities, etc. the greatest factor, according to many is simply, the attitude of the employee that can make or break the work environment depending on the positivity or negativity of it. Also learned was the use of knowledge of these characteristics and how to control and use them to promote productivity and a healthy workplace environment. The other big issue addressed is that of communication. Depending on the employee, you as a manager go forth have to address how you communicate and the channel of communication to be used.

My Evolution As A Teacher In Training Education Essay

IntroductionAs a student of Singapore public breeding for over 10 old ages, in that location argon certain perceptual jazzs and values about information that is ingrained in me. Short development experiences during my dividing line in learner attention Centre and practicum in like manner help to determine my in-person instruct regularity. However, throughout this class of Teaching and Managing Learners at the Primary Level, it opens my eyeball(a) to some mistake lines in some of my beliefs and helps to rectify them with relevant theories. Besides that, it in improver reaffirms some of my beliefs and provided accomplishments that further authorise me. In this essay, I result speak two most outstanding takeouts which are pupils with exceptional demands and divergentiated scholars.My Development as a instructor in preparationStudents with picky demands ( SSN )Past jellI bring forth non experienced belongings a SSN in my category throughout my faculty member life. As a consequence, I have no chance to interact with them and information about them was limited. The lone clip that I personate to interact with them was during my occupation as a pupil attention teacher where I experience two different instances of special(prenominal) demands students-respectively anger-management and autistic pupil. They were really riotous during categories and necessitate much attending from the instructors. Since the instructors are non trained in managing SSNs, the instructors matt-up helpless and concluded that they are job pupils. Lack of understanding from equals as well resulted in intimidation and exclusion. It leads to their doings deterioration, which was a barbarous rhythm. This caused me to believe whether SSNs should remain in mainstream schools. This experience gives me the feeling that SSNs should non be mainstreamed as they have feature direction jobs that regular instructors end non manage. Besides, seeing them acquiring excluded by their equals make me experience that it may be more(prenominal) erect if they remain in particular demands schools as it seems harder for them to incorporate to the mainstream schools. As a teacher-to-be, it besides leads me to be fearful of holding SSNs in my category as I am diffident if the preparation in National Institute of Education ( NIE ) leave behind adequately fix me to watch the possible challenges or I allow for experience as helpless.Present positionMy position changed when during the class, we had a treatment on whether pupils of particular demands should be included in the mainstream lead. That is when I sustain that pupils of particular demands deserve the right to be mainstreamed and excel in a normal instruction. How gutter we be align to the Singapore s Vision of universe an inclusive state that embraces divers(a)ness if there is segregation? ( Yeo,2012 ) There is a diverse scope of particular demands and most are no different from normal pupils except that they require more support from the instructors and more clip to go independent. Having them in the mainstream schoolroom non merely will fit them with the much-required societal accomplishments when they enter the ferment force, it besides allows other pupils to interact with them and further regard for differences. As surveies have shown, there are several noteworthy benefits to pupils with particular demands who attend mainstream instruction such as high academic accomplishment, higher self-pride and better societal accomplishments ( National Research Center on Learning Disabilities, 2007 ) .It challenges my perceptual experience because more frequently than non, there are more common between pupils with or without particular demands than difference.Deductions on teaching methodThe following inquiry will be my major concern what are the schoolroom direction schemes that I can follow to back up the SSNs inside my schoolroom? During the class, we were introduced to inclusive ins truction which I find extremely applicable. There are two chief countries in this scheme -social and academic inclusion body. Social inclusion is societal relationships are built within the schoolroom such that each pupil will experience a sense of belonging. Academic inclusion is about the different acquisition demands of the pupils are taken into consideration, secern direction schemes are being adopted to provide to the assorted disablements. Some inclusion schemes that I may follow are peer-mediated direction and intercessions, or concerted acquisition so as to further positive connexions between the pupils. ( Maning & A Butcher, 2013 ) .Previously, I was excessively focused on how to incorporate SSNs into the mainstream schoolrooms. integration posits that SSNs should accommodate to the school and that lone instructors who are well-trained in Particular Needs Education can chicken out off them good. However, inclusion is based in welcoming diverseness and advocates that sc hools need to hold the flexibleness to alter its course of study to provide to diverse demands of pupils. It besides recognizes that regular instructors like me play an of import melt to back up SSNs in their acquisition. Alternatively of sing SSNs needs as being deficit-driven , we should follow the position that academic public presentation and schoolroom behaviour can be improved.This makes me recognize that learning and inclusion of SSNs in a mainstream school environment is non specialized as I thought. This reforms my personal teaching method as I learn to acknowledge that all pupils are active scholars regardless if they have particular demands. As a instructor, I will foremost necessitate to be a extend a priori account and have the right perceptual experiences as pupils are likely to mirror my actions. By manipulation all pupils with regard and without prejudice, I will so be able to pass water an inclusive and reverential schoolroom environment that benefits all pupils.Of class, attempts to include SSNs can be disputing and I might necessitate to undertake the aid of external support. However, I no longer concentrate on the challenges of holding SSNs in the schoolroom. Alternatively, my personal teaching method is now based on the impression of holding an inclusive schoolroom where it is a caring community and each person is an active scholar. There are great challenges but sure greater wagess.2 ) Differentiated LearnersPast perceptual experienceThrough my academic old ages, most of my instructors used direct direction and their instruction politeness are similar. Hence, I thought that there is merely a one manner onset of learning constructs. After all, I have done good under such mono-dimensional instruction manner. For my equals who could non get by with their surveies, I merely think that they are either non hardworking plenty or merely non that smart. I so had some learning experience in private tuitions where I have had 6 Mathemat ics pupils at one point of clip. There was no fluctuation in the manner I taught the different pupils and I realize that the manner I teach reflects the manner I was taught. When their consequences are released, all pupils improved enormously except for one. This surprised me as he was really industrious and some of my tutees who did non work every bit difficult improved much more than him. Due to the overall success by other pupils, I neer one time consider that it might be due to him being non suited to my instruction manner and thought that possibly he is excessively nervous during the tests. After I went over to NIE and started my preparation as a instructor, I was being introduced to different instruction schemes, nevertheless, deep inside my bosom, I felt that new learning schemes such as differentiated prep are a waste of clip and I still prefer utilizing the traditional method of instruction.Present PositionDuring this semester, prior to this class, I have taken another fa culty called Multicultural surveies where I learnt that in a diverse schoolroom, each pupil has single complex individualities and different worlds. As a instructor, we tend to enforce our worlds upon our pupils and the desperate consequence is that our pupils are essentialized ( Ismail, 2012 ) . This leads to me to oppugn that possibly what I perceived as the best instruction manner may non be suited to every pupil in my category. Furthermore, during the class, I learnt about Dr Howard Gardner s theory of multiple intelligences larning and the different types of acquisition manners ( Visual, Auditory, Tactile and kinestatic ) . During one of the tutorial, our coach asks the category to take part in a study that calculates our intelligence and I realize everyone have different intelligences. Reflecting that back to our educational system, I realize the traditional instruction scheme promotes on merely two sorts of intelligence verbal/linguistic and tenacious/mathematics and neglect s the remainder. This is when I realize that each kid is alone in his/her ain manner, in footings of sensible profile and types of acquisition manners. My preferable manner of larning may non be the same as some of them. I so come to a decision that there is no one-size-fits-all attack and this is true particularly in a diverse schoolroom in multicultural Singapore where kids comes from different backgrounds and civilizations.Deductions on PedogogyMy personal teaching method has been changed to acknowledging that as instructors, we need to be flexible and understand that pull offing today s diverse schoolrooms requires the cognition, accomplishments, and sensitivities to work with pupils from diverse racial, cultural, linguistic communication, and societal category backgrounds ( Weinstein, Romana & A Mignana, 2011 ) . As stated by Moreno and Abercrombie ( 2010 ) , we need to understand how to suit direction so that all kids can execute to their full self-confidence . Instru ction should get down by presuming that every individual pupil are capable of larning and has a personal and alone manner of larning where I can detect and construct upon ( Grant & A Sleeter, 2005 ) .The entranceway of differentiated direction so shed some visible radiation on how I can accomplish this contributing schoolroom environment that meet the larning demands of assorted heterogenous groups of pupils.Ddifferentiated direction is an umbrella construct that incorporates the usage of assorted learning schemes ( Allan, n.d. ) and where lessons are planned with the demands of diverse scholars in head. Some applications that I will follow are utility course of study, differentiated prep and alteration of stuffs. Substitute course of study provides alternate instructional stuffs or adapts the course of study in footings of sum of content based on different larning demands, guaranting that pupils will non experience left out when they could non maintain up with the general gait. T he usage of differentiated prep allows weaker pupils to get the hang losing accomplishments, and besides extension of content to dispute the stronger pupils, providing to the different abilities of the category. Alteration of stuffs can besides back up the acquisition of pupils, particularly those with particular demands. For illustration, for pupils with ocular damage, we can hold turgid print stuffs, for haptic scholars, we can do usage of concrete stuffs to convey across the abstract constructs of Mathematicss and besides we can supply simplified version of excess notes for pupils who could non maintain up with their work. It may be besides utile to first happen out the acquisition profiles, the involvements and anterior cognition of the pupils through studies or creator instructors so as to better be after the direction course of study for the category.All in all, I feel that as present pedagogues, we must avoid presuming homogeneousness of our pupils abilities ( Grant & A S leeter, 2005 ) . With the addition of immigrants in Singapore and more volatile planetary traffic, the diverseness is reflected within our schoolrooms and therefore, as we arrogated the function of a instructor, we need to make a schoolroom environment that maximizes larning for each pupil. It is a complicated til now indispensable procedure to be aware of the assorted demands of the category as a whole, runing from different intelligence, larning manners to different particular demands, guaranting every pupil s possible is nurtured and maximized.DecisionThroughout the class, I learnt that in order to be an effectual instructor, it requires us to hold a comprehensive apprehension of why and what are we making in our schoolrooms. In the past, I was excessively focused on myself where I worry about what are the challenges I may confront and what is the learning manner that is most convenient to me. However, I realized that as we assume the function of a instructor, we need to maneuv er from being me-centered to student-centered. We need to be aware of what are the educational purpose we have for our pupils and acknowledging their acquisition demands. All in all, I felt that this class has been challenging and helps me worm professionally. It reminds me of the demand to constantly reflect upon our personal teaching method and guarantee that it is up-to-date such that it is apprised of current challenges and new alterations. Of class, my development of instructor will non stop here and at that place will be new find of thoughts and schemes in the hereafter. However, I believe with an unfastened bosom and willingness to larn, I will decidedly hold a well-thought out personal teaching method that equips me to be a good instructor.Wordss 2094

Environmental Science Essay

Gagandeep Rai Period 3/4 Criteria air pollutants assignment Multiple Choice 1. A pungent reddishbrown gas often associated with photochemical smog. (C) NO2 2. A corrosive gas from burning combust often associated with industrial smog. (d) SO2 3. A dangerous indoor air pollutant. (A) CO 4. Emitted from diesel and burning fuel. (E) PM10 5. every(prenominal) of the following ar examples of primary air pollutants except. (c) tropospheric ozone 6. The greatest emission of sulfur dioxide comes from (C) Industrial processes 7. The least measurement of nitrogen oxide emissions comes from (A) on road vehicles 8. The accumulation of tropospheric ozone at night depends mainly upon the atmospheric concentrations of (B) volatile organics 1. What are they? The six criteria air pollutants are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides,lead,particulate subject field and tropospheric ozone. These six pollutants signifi give the axetly be human health, ecosystems and/or structures. 2. How i s each produced? Sulfur dioxide is closelyly produced from the burning of fogy fuels like coal and oil. It can also be released during volcanic eruptions. Nitrogen oxides are produced from vehicles as well as stationary fossil fuel combustion. Some is also released through lightning and forest fires.Carbon monoxide is formed by incomplete combustion of most matter. Vehicle exhaust and many other combustion process produce Carbon monoxide. It is also a indoor pollutant when exhaust systems on natural gas heaters misfunction. Carbon dioxide is produced from complete combustion of most matter such as biomass and fossil fuels. Particulate matter is released when fossil fuels and bio fuel is burned. Also it is released with activities that involve trend of dust or sand. Lead is released from old paint, gasoline additive and combustion of fossil fuels.

Huckleberry Finn Should Be Banned

huckabackleberry Finn should be barned from schools. There are several issues in the novel that schools should not digest their students to learn about and study. These issues are extreme racism, Huck questioning the rules of society, and teaching bad morality. Huckleberry Finn contains several anti-Semite(a) comments. In todays society, there are mickle who will take these comments very objectionably Huck says, according to the old saying, Give a nigger an inch and hell take an ell. Huck is stating that other people believe the African American slaves were to have strict rules to abide by because if you allow them get away with something once, they will take advantage of that opportunity and try to get away with something else later on in the future. During the time that Huckleberry Finn was written, African Americans did not have the freedom that they do today. They were considered property, not citizens, which people would buy, trade, and own. Throughout Huckleberry Finn, Huck is constantly questioning the rules of his society.One example is when Huck says, The widow rung a ships bell for supper, and you had to come to time. When you got to the table you couldnt go right to eating, but you had to wait for the widow to tuck down her bespeak and grumble a little over the victuals, though there warnt really everything the matter with them. When he is stating this, he believes that the rules in the society he lives in are petty and useless. If students are allowed to read this, they may swallow to stand for that it is okay to question the rules that our government have set and possibly not follow them because they think they are petty or useless.The final reason that Huckleberry Finn should be banned from schools is that Huck teaches bad morals for the students who have to read this novel. Instead of following the rules of the society he has grown up with, he uses do up rules of Tom Sawyer and doesnt question them. So Tom got out a yellow journali sm of paper that he had wrote the oath on, and read it. It swore every boy to stick to the band, and never tell any of the secrets, This quote gives an example of the rules that Tom Sawyer set that Huck began to adopt.This band was set up in a way that it seemed like a club or a gang. Students may read this and begin to think that because they do not believe what the rules of society are, that it is okay to join a club to lift and have their own set of rules. Therefore, Huckleberry Finn should be banned from all schools. The issues that just have been discussed should be interpreted into consideration. With the extreme racism, the questioning of the society by Huck, and the teaching bad morals should be enough to ban this novel.

NAB case study Essay

inquiry 1 List one strength and weakness for each heathenish perspective described in this slip-up study. at that place ar legion(predicate) pagan perspectives that have been provided. 3 major(ip) cultural perspectives have been identified, these include the integration perspective, am rangyuity perspective, as severe as the specialty perspective.The Strength of the cultural perspectives that is described in NAB Cultural channelise ProgramIntegration view at NAB this is the most widely applied cultural permute perspective. It whitethorn be reflected in super plain and tangible manner all with the boldness. It should be noted that at that place has to be accord in the entire cockeyed and it may be reflected via diverse mediums of brasss such as make a motionment metrics and tar attains, in signifieral and formal rules, business strategies, as well as focussing practices that goern traditions stories, together with manifestations. In the situation of NAB, busin ess strategies were client- focused. For the creation of the visible manifestations of the strongs desired gardening, the priorities were observed at bottom the mission, vision statements, as well as in the strategic objectives (Allaire and Firsirotu, 2006). Differentiation Perspective It views elaboration to corporate confused husbandrys. Given that it is juicyly focused on the inconsistencies that be got at the center of culture, it provides organization the prospect of correcting inconsistencies thorough having go against culture. When the inconsistencies ar recognized, a number of cultural initiators may be identified with the whole, both(prenominal) externally and internally (Deal and Kennedy, 2002).Ambiguity Perspective The perspective, neither adheres to the differentiation nor the integration viewpoint of cultural perspective. On the contrary, it offers the suggestion that therelationships that exist between cultural manifestations ar not having super effecti ve clarity earlier, they argon lacking clarity. With them, there is complete vagueness, as well as a contradiction. Individuals within any firm may have common values and views that they sh are with one some separate. However, on some values or views, they may differ. It is observed to be a exceedingly realistic perspective concerning culture since it enables the workers to bring onwards the issues that they are disagreeing with the line managers. When the issues are established, via the ambiguity perspective, assorted stairs might be taken in site to resolve them. This bequeath a bid ensure that the employees are satisfied. Besides, the employees get out be involved in the organizations culture (Denison, 2007).Weakness for the cultural perspectives that are mentioned within NAB Cultural Change Program The Integration Perspective This perspectives weakness is that when the integration perspective is having any property that is unfavorable, it result be transferred e ver y(prenominal)where within the organization since it is ceaselessly present within the entire organization. In some typesetters cases, culture persists in manners that are invisible and which potnot be detected in the firm. This poop also be very harmful (Denison, 2007). Differentiation perspective through this perspective, variant inconsistencies that lie at the cultures focal point, both internally and externally can be identified. Its weakness is that culture is depicted to be a group of several(prenominal) manifestations that may be contradictory to one an separate (Denison, Cho, and Young, 2000).Ambiguity Perspective with the ambiguity perspective, employees may agree on certain management issues. However, in other instances, they may pretend to be ignorant. In some cases, they might be completely indifferent. At the resembling time, they may oppose the entire managerial line. Therefore, the ambiguity perspective in organizations perpetually brings respective(a) issues that may make the employees within the organization to be dissatisfied (Jain & Thomson, 2008). Question 2 Complete a multitude field analysis using Kurt Lewins compound management model clearly illustrating the control and shackraining forces for commute in a force field diagram.The Kurt Lewins Change Management Model crash guinea pig Analysis (Lewin, 1951)Force Field Analysis Model that was developed by Lewin Kurt is highlybeneficial in providing a description of the present performance level. Force Field Analysis is highly useful proficiency for decision-making. It helps organizations in making assorted decisions through the analysis of various forces that are for and against a effrontery change. In addition, through it, organizations have the might to effectively communicate the reason that is behind the decisions that are made. It can be applied for two main purposes deciding whether to proceed with the change and also to enhance success chances through strengthening v arious forces that supports the change and also weakening various forces that are against the change (Lewin, 1951).In addition, Force Field Analysis refers to a tool that is applied in place to analyze systematically the various factors that are got within problems that are very complex. It forever and a day frames various problems in terms of pressures or the various factors supporting the term quo, as well as the pressures supporting change in the counsellor that is desired. A factor may be individuals, attitudes, resources, regulations, traditions, needs, values, desires among others. Being a change management tool, it plays a major purpose in helping in the identification of the various factors, which have to be monitored and addressed for change to be highly successful (Lewin, 1951). ProcedureStep 1 Definition of the ProblemIn this step, organizations determine the spirit of their present situation which is not acceptable, and which requires modification. It is eer very prudent to separate specific problem from the things, which are running(a) very well (Maslen and Platts, 1994).Step 2 Definition of the Change ObjectiveThis stage entails the mark of the desired situation, which is worth working to attain. There is need for organizations to be very specific (Maslen and Platts, 1994).Step 3 Identification of the Driving ForcesThis stage entails the determination of the various pressures or factors which support change in the direction that is desired. It also entails determine the forces relative strengths. In addition, the driving forcesshould be placed on a graph on Force Field Analysis diagram in labeled arrows with the arrows distance reflecting each forces relative strength. It is also very prudent to determine the interrelationships between the various driving forces.Step 4 Identification of the Restraining ForcesAt this stage, it is very prudent to determine the pressures or factors which tolerate the change that is proposed. These forces should be represented in the diagram like the ones of the driving forces. The interrelationships between the restraining forces should also be determined (Maslen and Platts, 1994).Step 5 Development of a Comprehensive Change StrategyThe diagram that is created in stage three, as well as stage four reflect the thing that can be referred to as a quasi-stationary equilibrium state. Though this is a state that is comparatively stable, consummation may be attained through changing the various factors that are presently contributing to the equilibrium. It should be noted that change might occur due to a combination of any these strengthening one of the various driving forces, as well as the addition of naked as a jaybird driving forces, reducing or removing the restraining forces (Lewin, 1951). The Driving Forces are continuously positive reasonable, economical, reasonable, and conscious.On the other hand, the Restraining Forces are al shipway negative emotional, social, unconscious, p sychological systemal, as well as emotional. When organizations are handling dealing with a change or when they are managing change or when they are reacting to given change, the two set of the forces ought to be considered. Lewin made the suggestion that to in parade make change to be very easy, as well as long lasting the various forces that are working against the given change ought to be minimized instead of change magnitude the forces that are for the given change. He also made the suggestion that force modification will be beneficial in ensuring the maintenance of the status quo in a very easy manner instead of changing or instead of increasing the change forces (Thomas, 1985).The above steps can be reduced into three stepsStep 1 Unfreezing in this step, the strength of the forces that are mandating the present equilibrium is reduced.Step 2 Moving in this step,the refreshing values of the organization, behaviors, as well as attitudes are developed. They are beneficial in he lping to move the firm forward.Step 3 Refreezing in this stage, when the changes have been made, the various forces ought to be stabilized. This is to ensure that a new equilibrium is maintained (Miner, 2007). However, in some cases, it is always criticized because when an organization is within an environment that is rapidly moving, it will not have the competency to refreeze. In a case like that, refreezing will make the organization to be staid and stale. Lewin points out that Refreezing ought not to be viewed as a permanent phase, but a short term phase. In addition, it is highly significant for obtaining certain types of stability in organizations (Maslen and Platts, 1994). The arrow lengths are depicting the quantity of the forces. When a given change is implemented within an organization, the point of equilibrium is moved. For the movement of the equilibrium, driving forces must be increased or added. In addition, resistance forces ought to be reduced or removed (Thomas, 198 5).On the contrary, when the driving forces are enhanced, the intensity of resistance will also be enhanced. Hence, it is always good to minimize the resistance. This may be done through the use of various techniques such as motivation, inscription, as well as involvement (Maslen and Platts, 1994). Question 3 which cultural change perspective was take by NAB during its change program? The Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority (APRA) has identified numerous limitations in the banks internal control framework. In addition, there has also been the claim that various cultural issues lay at the center of the collapse of NAB. In order to obtain an enhanced inclusion body of the processes and construct of the entity, effective analysis of the culture through the application of symbolism should be done. On the contrary, analyzing culture through the application of symbolism always lacks measurement scale hence, it does not offer a cliched formula to be applied in order to measure ch ange, analysis, as well as improvement. In addition, it is always believed that individuals do not have the capacity to manage the things that they do not have the capacity to comprehend.Therefore, this is the main reason as to why researchers, as well as practitioners must depend on the functionalist-integrative viewpoint of cultural change in order to get a frequently deeper insight into cultures nature, as well as how culture may be managed effectively in order to attainthe goals that are desired. The present, as well as the former executives of the bank share the functionalist-integrative perspective of culture. This should form a basis for APRA and PriceWaterhouse Coopers (PwC) to carry out proper investigations into the official losses of the Banks Trading. Functionalist-integrative viewpoint of culture lays much emphasis on various factors that are found to be prevalent within the entire organization. On the contrary, there is likelihood that foreign currency trading room wh ere losses were incurred by the bank was on the whole distinct subculture to the firm. This illustrates that trading room of the bank was existing as a subculture to the firm, something that offers the suggestion that rogue traders always operate within functionalist-differentiation culture (Sorenson, 2002).However, as illustrated by Dellaportas, Cooper & Braica (2007), a research that is focused on the banks foreign currency options trading room is attempting to adopt the integration perspective however, it is at a very low level analysis. However the differentiation perspective is established to be better in the analysis of the relationships that exists between several subcultures in the organization. The multiple subcultures point out inconsistent cultural manifestations rather than being focused on a given subculture. Hence, it is established that the functionalist-integrative viewpoint is highly applicable and effective in the analysis of the culture within a single organizati onal department given that is its highly applicable, as well as effective on an organizational-wide basis (Dellaportas, Cooper & Braica, (2007 Graetz, Rimmer, Lawrence and Smith, 2006).It should also be pointed out that integration viewpoint is highly opted by National Australian Bank during the change program. The steps that were taken by the firm in order to ensure cultural change include Readjusting the major priorities in order to point out that National Australian Bank is an organization that is focused on the clients. Believing in making investments in its temperament, its people, as well as its culture Commencing to differentiate via its re stickation and culture in order to ensure that their employees, customers, as well as the community benefits. Making visible manifestations of the culture via its visions, mission, as well as strategic objectives statements being reflected on whole portfolio of National Australian Bank group. Re-launching tangible change initiatives of Na tional Australian Bank brand with an innovative, aswell as a fresh logo. Regaining the publics confidence through launching the brand and lobo with the Melbourne soil games of the year 2006. The bank was the realize sponsor.Focusing on various community developmentsDeveloping various team-oriented structuresQuestion 4 what would be your future recommendations to the CEO or HR team at NAB? There are numerous things that need to be done by the banks CEO, HR team in order to ensure its success in the future. First, there is a need for the new leadinghip that are appointed by National Australian Bank to make conscious efforts in order to effectively implement cultural changes in a manner that is highly effective. They should not focus mainly on the process however, they should lay much focus on the gravity of the issue (Fairbairn, 2005). Additionally, within the firm, there were no clear responsibilities, as well as accountabilities. There is a need for the management of the firm to ensure that this is seriously fixed in order to ensure that change is effectively implemented y the organization.Additionally, NAB is having a good news culture that ensures the prevention of bad news from arising. The issue is very serious since it is always good to adequately address bad news or problems in their nascent stage instead of waiting for them to be bigger. On the same note, NAB adheres to a Bureaucratic culture. It always tends to overcomplicate things. Therefore, through making a change, as well as enhancing the firms culture, there will be a positive difference. Generally, cultural changes always come along with very deep logic of personal commitment. The new CEO should view himself as the Chief Ethics Officer instead of a CEO (Trevino, Hartman and Br accept, 2000).Being a Chef Ethics Officer, the CEO should convey strict and strong ethics marrow that will help the co-leaders. In addition, being a leader, the CEO should have the knowledge of his responsibilities and powers. When these recommendations are put into place by the leadership of NAB, they will have the capacity to address the issues in a highly systematic manner. In addition, they will have the capacity to overcome the crisis. In addition, they will have the capacity to restore their brand image. The firm should also portray itself to be more focused on their customers rather than on profits given that when they portray themselves to be profit centered, they will engage in various activities that are unethical. Cases study 2Question 1As pointed out by Child (2005), when determining if a team or a firm over- organized or under-organized, there are always strengths, as well as concerns which have to be taken into term. The strengths which should be looked into include very high commitment to the firm, as well as its mission norms of straightforwardness and honesty smart, as well as articulate management very high interest in learning, as well as harvest-festival and general manag er and founders as role-models (Bradford & Burke, 2005). In addition, various firms will always face constant struggles in order to shun the extremes of over-organizing and under-organizing. Every service provider always has a built-in inclination to get off balance organizationally on a single side or to another.The firms that are under-organized, their leaders always struggle mainly with efficiency how things can be done. Because of inadequate organizing, organizational leaders always get it very hard to pull the correct levers and also to push the correct buttons in order to make the firms work (Bradford & Burke, 2005). Some of the various concerns which have to be looked into include individuals and systems failing to keep thousand with the growth lack of very clear structure, roles, as well as teamwork lack of common direction, mission, as well as priorities individuals are stretched to their limit and the general manager and founders are both firms greatest strength, as well as the greatest weakness (DeKler, 2007).There are several other signs of under-organization. administrators and staff are not sure of the activities that they should delegate and thee individuals to whom they should delegate organizational members are unsure where they can serve best and where they can plug in huge expenditures in terms of time, as well as effort is necessary in order to get various programs adopted, as well as implemented work load is distributed unevenly some leaders and members are overworked whereas others are entirely left over(p) out Leaders are very slow to respond and to discern to the members needs Members of the organization are faintly aware of the congregational goals yet they are not well informed regarding the daily activities The firm experiences huge programs overlapping, as well as consequent effort duplication (Carter, 2004). A firm that is sick by excess organization is always challenged byeffectiveness, the things that ought to be done. Over-o rganized firms have the capacity to move expeditiously to make sure that various things are properly done. In addition, work is delegated smoothly, various job descriptions are effectively followed, and besides, committees deliberate (Schultz, D.P., Schultz, 2006). What are the implications for planning an OD preventative?In the case, intervention planning was require since no individual took responsibility for anything. In addition, they had no structures or guidelines to follow in their work to the latter. Ben and Jerry needed to make it a family and fun work environment. To do this, they did not have the means to put chest of drawers in to force. When things got broken, no person could man up to take responsibility for the actions. Had Ben and Jerry ensured that there was authority over fun, it could have made the firm to avid this. If authority was replaced with friendship, they could have avoided the scenario. Is team building a good way to launch an OD effort in this case? Other approaches? Other than team building, several other approaches can be adopted by the firm. Among the various interventions that can be taken into consideration include plaque Confrontation Meeting through this change technique, the members of the organization will be mobilized in order to identify various problems, set various action targets, besides commencing to work on various problems.In the case, it will most likely represent numerous meetings between the feuding groups within the organization. On the contrary, the selective information from the case offers the suggestion that the firm is not prepared for this kind of intervention (Murray, 2005). Inter-group relations The interventions are specifically designed to enhance interactions between diverse groups, as well as departments within organizations. Microcosm group intervention entails a very small group of individuals whose backgrounds is closely matching the problems of the organization that are being looked into. I nter-group skirmish model generally entails a consultant aiding two groups to comprehend the origin of their conflict besides choosing highly relevant solutions (Western, 2010). The various issues that face the firm are highly visible along alignment lines, focus, as well as leadership instead of a true conflict.Large-group Interventions The interventions entails gathering several stakeholders intoa big meeting in order to clarify significant values develop fresh working ways to articulate a fresh organizational vision and also to provide solutions to various pressing problems of the organization. This appears like a very viable option majorly after a team building with some of the top team management. Trying this intervention prior to team building will have similar problems to opponent meeting. It should be noted that OD is not a science, which may be placed into concise prescriptive. Ben & Jerry undergo issues that affected the entire organization. The firms board was not full y prepared to tackle its own issues. In addition, they become united in order to offer the leadership which was needed by the rest of the firm. Therefore, the starting point was the managers. The outdoor methods applied in this case may be effective activities for teambuilding. The other option applicable for the firm could have been intervention with the founders and the board and confronting them for lack of leadership, as well as their incapacity to effectively handle their own issues. What next steps would you recommend?After the formation of the management team and its alignment with the founders and the board, there is a splendid opportunity of getting other individuals within the organization to be aligned with the management. In addition, they should be involved in the newly established goals. 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